Congenital heart disease: Difference between revisions

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==Background ==
==Background ==
{{Congenital heart disease DDX}}
{{Congenital heart disease DDX}}


==Clinical Features ==
==Clinical Features==
{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Clinical Presentation'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Clinical Presentation'''
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{{Sick neonate DDX}}
{{Sick neonate DDX}}


==Diagnosis ==
==Diagnosis==


===Cyanotic ===
===Cyanotic ===
{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Cardiac Lesion'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Cardiac Lesion'''
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===Acyanotic (duct-dependent) ===
===Acyanotic (duct-dependent) ===
{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Coarctation of the aorta'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Coarctation of the aorta'''
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===Acyanotic non-duct dependent (i.e. CHF) ===
===Acyanotic non-duct dependent (i.e. CHF) ===
{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''[[Atrial septal defect]]'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''[[Atrial septal defect]]'''
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==Management ==
==Management ==
===Shock (duct-dependent lesion)===
===Shock (duct-dependent lesion)===
*[[PGE1]] 0.1mcg/kg/min IV/IO  
*[[PGE1]] 0.1mcg/kg/min IV/IO  
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*[[Dobutamine]] 5-10mcg/kg/min
*[[Dobutamine]] 5-10mcg/kg/min


==See Also ==
==See Also==
*[[Innocent Murmurs (Peds)]]
*[[Innocent Murmurs (Peds)]]
*[[Congenital Heart Defects - Surgical Procedures]]
*[[Congenital Heart Defects - Surgical Procedures]]

Revision as of 16:38, 6 July 2016

Background

Congenital Heart Disease Types

Clinical Features

Clinical Presentation Causative Conditions in Neonates Causative Conditions in Infants and Children
Cyanosis Transposition of the great arteries, TOF, tricuspid atresia, truncus arteriosus, total anomalous pulmonary venous return TOF, Eisenmenger complex
Cardiovascular shock Critical aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, HLHS Coarctation of the aorta (infants)
Congestive heart failure Rare: PDA, HLHS PDA, VSD, ASD, atrioventricular canal
Murmur PDA, valvular defects (AS, PS) VSD, ASD, PDA, outflow obstructions, valvular defects (AS, PS)
Syncope — AS, PS, Eisenmenger complex
Hypertension — Coarctation of the aorta
Arrhythmias — ASD, Ebstein anomaly, postsurgical complication after repair of congenital heart defect

Differential Diagnosis

Sick Neonate

THE MISFITS [2]

Diagnosis

Cyanotic

Cardiac Lesion Chest Radiograph ECG
Tetralogy of Fallot Boot-shaped heart, normal-sized heart, decreased pulmonary vascular markings Right axis deviation, right ventricular hypertrophy
Transposition of the great arteries Egg-shaped heart, narrow mediastinum, increased pulmonary vascular marking Right axis deviation, right ventricular hypertrophy
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return Snowman sign, significant cardiomegaly, increased pulmonary vascular markings Right axis deviation, right ventricular hypertrophy, right atrial enlargement
Tricuspid atresia Heart of normal to slightly increased size, decreased pulmonary vascular markings Superior QRS axis with right atrial hypertrophy, left atrial hypertrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy
Truncus arteriosus Cardiomegaly, increased pulmonary vascular markings Biventricular hypertrophy

Acyanotic (duct-dependent)

Coarctation of the aorta Cardiomegaly with pulmonary edema (neonate) RVH, right bundle-branch block (neonate)
Rib notching and collateral vascularity (child) LVH (child)
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Cardiomegaly Right atrial enlargement, RVH, peaked P waves
Aortic stenosis Cardiomegaly LVH in severe cases

Acyanotic non-duct dependent (i.e. CHF)

Atrial septal defect Cardiomegaly with increased vascular markings Right axis deviation, RVH, RBBB
VSD Cardiomegaly with increased vascular markings LAH, LVH, (RVH with larger VSDs)
PDA Cardiomegaly with increased vascular markings LVH, RVH with larger PDAs
Endocardial cushion defect Cardiomegaly with increased vascular markings Superior QRS axis with RVH, RBBB, LVH, prolonged PR interval
Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery Cardiomegaly Abnormally deep and wide Q waves with precordial ST segment changes

Management

Shock (duct-dependent lesion)

  • PGE1 0.1mcg/kg/min IV/IO
    • Side Effects:
      • Apnea (intubate)
        • Hypotension
        • Bradycardia
        • Flushing
  • NS 10cc/kg
  • Dobutamine

Tet Spell

  • Knee chest position
    • Increased venous return to heart, increased SVR (decreased R>L shunting)
  • O2
  • Morphine or NS to increase preload
  • Na bicarb 2mEq/kg IV bolus (promotes vasodilation)
  • Propranolol 0.2mg/kg IV (relieves infundibular spasm)
  • Phenylephrine 2-10mcg/kg/min to incr SVR

CHF

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Knipe K et al. Cyanotic congenital heart diseases. Radiopaedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cyanotic-congenital-heart-disease
  2. ↑ Brousseau T, Sharieff GQ. Newborn emergencies: the first 30 days of life. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2006 Feb;53(1):69-84, vi.
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