Conjunctivitis (peds): Difference between revisions
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''This page is for pediatric patients; for adult patients see [[conjunctivitis]]'' | ''This page is for pediatric patients (non-neonatal); for neonatal patients see [[Neonatal conjunctivitis]] and adult patients see [[conjunctivitis]]'' | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
*Most common cause of [[acute red eye]] | |||
*Viral infection is usual etiology | |||
{{Conjunctivitis DDX}} | |||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
*Injected conjunctiva with perilimbal sparing | |||
*Rarely painful; more irritated | |||
{{Conjunctivitis images}} | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
*[[Kawasaki Disease]] | *[[Kawasaki Disease]] | ||
*[[Lice|Pediculosis]] | *[[Lice|Pediculosis]] | ||
{{Unilateral red eye DDX}} | {{Unilateral red eye DDX}} | ||
==Evaluation== | |||
[[File:Conjunctivitis.jpg|thumb|Conjunctivitis with limbus sparing]] | |||
*Typically clinical | |||
{{Clinical diagnosis of conjunctivitis}} | |||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
*Viral infections - most common cause of conjunctivitis, but difficult to differentiate viral from bacterial | |||
*Some clinicians treat all possible viral presentations as bacterial conjunctivitis | |||
*Treatment considerations: | |||
**Ointments - soothing effect, but interfere with vision | |||
**Drops - no interference with vision | |||
===Bacterial Causes=== | ===Bacterial Causes=== | ||
Newborn, see [[Neonatal conjunctivitis]] | |||
{{GC Conjunctivitis Treatment}} | {{GC Conjunctivitis Treatment}} | ||
{{Bacterial Conjunctivitis Treatment}} | {{Bacterial Conjunctivitis Treatment}} | ||
===Viral Causes=== | ===Viral Causes=== | ||
*Non-herpetic: supportive care | *Non-herpetic: supportive care | ||
*Herpetic: Acyclovir, ophto referral | *Herpetic: [[Acyclovir]], ophto referral | ||
===Allergic=== | ===[[Allergic conjunctivitis|Allergic]]=== | ||
*Artificial tears and avoidance of allergens | *Artificial tears and avoidance of allergens | ||
*Consider topical | *Consider topical [[antihistamines]] for severe symptoms | ||
==== | |||
====[[Antihistamines]]==== | |||
*Ketotifen 1 drop q8-12hr '''OR''' | *Ketotifen 1 drop q8-12hr '''OR''' | ||
*Olopatadine 1-2 drop daily | *Olopatadine 1-2 drop daily | ||
==Disposition== | |||
*Typically outpatient | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
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[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
[[Category:Ophthalmology]] | [[Category:Ophthalmology]] | ||
[[Category:ID]] |
Revision as of 19:25, 26 September 2020
This page is for pediatric patients (non-neonatal); for neonatal patients see Neonatal conjunctivitis and adult patients see conjunctivitis
Background
- Most common cause of acute red eye
- Viral infection is usual etiology
Conjunctivitis Types
Clinical Features
- Injected conjunctiva with perilimbal sparing
- Rarely painful; more irritated
Conjunctivitis Images
Acute allergic conjunctivitis
Chronic allergic conjunctivitis
Contact blepharoconjunctivitis
Differential Diagnosis
Unilateral red eye
- Nontraumatic
- Acute angle-closure glaucoma^
- Anterior uveitis
- Conjunctivitis
- Corneal erosion
- Corneal ulcer^
- Endophthalmitis^
- Episcleritis
- Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
- Inflamed pinguecula
- Inflamed pterygium
- Keratoconjunctivitis
- Keratoconus
- Nontraumatic iritis
- Scleritis^
- Subconjunctival hemorrhage
- Orbital trauma
- Caustic keratoconjunctivitis^^
- Corneal abrasion, Corneal laceration
- Conjunctival hemorrhage
- Conjunctival laceration
- Globe rupture^
- Hemorrhagic chemosis
- Lens dislocation
- Ocular foreign body
- Posterior vitreous detachment
- Retinal detachment
- Retrobulbar hemorrhage
- Traumatic hyphema
- Traumatic iritis
- Traumatic mydriasis
- Traumatic optic neuropathy
- Vitreous detachment
- Vitreous hemorrhage
- Ultraviolet keratitis
^Emergent diagnoses ^^Critical diagnoses
Evaluation
- Typically clinical
Clinical diagnosis of conjunctivitis
Bacterial | Viral | Allergic | |
---|---|---|---|
Bilateral | 50% | 25% | Mostly |
Discharge | Mucopurulent | Clear, Watery | Cobblestoning, none |
Redness | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Pruritis | Rarely | Rarely | Yes |
Additional | Treatment: Antibiotics | Treatment: Hygiene | Seasonal |
Management
- Viral infections - most common cause of conjunctivitis, but difficult to differentiate viral from bacterial
- Some clinicians treat all possible viral presentations as bacterial conjunctivitis
- Treatment considerations:
- Ointments - soothing effect, but interfere with vision
- Drops - no interference with vision
Bacterial Causes
Newborn, see Neonatal conjunctivitis
Chlamydial
- Doxycycline 100mg PO BID for 7 days OR
- Azithromycin 1g (20mg/kg) PO one time dose
- Newborn Treatment: Azithromycin 20mg/kg PO once daily x 3 days or erythromycin PO 50 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses for 14 days [1]
- Disease manifests 5 days post-birth to 2 weeks (late onset)
Gonococcal
- Due to increasing resistance, CDC recommends dual therapy with Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin (even if patient is negative for Chlamydia).
- Ceftriaxone 250mg IM one dose PLUS
- Azithromycin 1g PO one dose
- Newborn Treatment:
- Prophylaxis: Erythromycin ophthalmic 0.5% x1
- Disease manifests 1st 5 days post delivery (early onset)
- Treatment Ceftriaxone 25-50mg IV or IM, max 125mg or cefotaxime single dose of 100 mg/kg (preferred if the patient has hyperbilirubinemia)
- Also requires evaluation for disseminated disease (meningitis, arthritis, etc.)
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
- Counsel patient/family on importance of hand hygiene/avoiding touching face to prevent spread!
- Apply warm or cool compresses (for comfort and cleansing) every 4 hours, followed by instillation of ophthalmic antibiotic solutions
These options do not cover gonococcal or chlamydial infections
- Polymyxin B/Trimethoprim (Polytrim) 2 drops every 6 hours for 7 days OR
- Erythromycin applied to the conjunctiva q6hrs for 7 days OR
- Levofloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution 1-2 drops every 2 hours for 2 days THEN every 6 hours for 5 days OR
- Moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic 1-2 drops every 2 hours for 2 days THEN every 6 hours for 5 days OR
- Gatifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution 1-2 drops every 2 hours for 2 days THEN 1 drop every 6 hours for 5 days OR
- Azithromycin 1% ophthalmic solution 1 drop BID for 2 days THEN 1 drop daily for 5 days
- Chloramphenicol 0.5% ophthalmic solution 1 drop QID for 7 days
NB: levofloxacin is preferred for contact lens wearers for coverage of pseudomonas. Advise not to wear contacts for duration of treatment
Viral Causes
- Non-herpetic: supportive care
- Herpetic: Acyclovir, ophto referral
Allergic
- Artificial tears and avoidance of allergens
- Consider topical antihistamines for severe symptoms
Antihistamines
- Ketotifen 1 drop q8-12hr OR
- Olopatadine 1-2 drop daily
Disposition
- Typically outpatient
See Also
References
- ↑ Zikic A, Schünemann H, Wi T, Lincetto O, Broutet N, Santesso N. Treatment of Neonatal Chlamydial Conjunctivitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2018 Aug 17;7(3):e107-e115. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piy060. PMID: 30007329; PMCID: PMC6097578.