Difference between revisions of "Diuretics"
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==Types== | ==Types== | ||
[[File:DiureticsMechanism.gif|thumb|]] | [[File:DiureticsMechanism.gif|thumb|]] | ||
| − | === High ceiling/loop diuretic === | + | ===High ceiling/loop diuretic=== |
''Inhibit Na+/K+/2Cl symporter in ascending limb of loop of Henle, preventing reabsorption and thereby increasing urinary excretion of sodium, chloride, and potassium | ''Inhibit Na+/K+/2Cl symporter in ascending limb of loop of Henle, preventing reabsorption and thereby increasing urinary excretion of sodium, chloride, and potassium | ||
*[[Furosemide]] | *[[Furosemide]] | ||
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*40mg furosemide = 20 mg torsemide = 1mg bumetanide = 50 mg ethacrynic acid | *40mg furosemide = 20 mg torsemide = 1mg bumetanide = 50 mg ethacrynic acid | ||
| − | === Thiazides === | + | ===Thiazides=== |
''Act on the distal convoluted tubule and inhibit the sodium-chloride symporter'' | ''Act on the distal convoluted tubule and inhibit the sodium-chloride symporter'' | ||
*[[Hydrochlorothiazide]] | *[[Hydrochlorothiazide]] | ||
| − | === Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors === | + | ===Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors=== |
''Inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the proximal convoluted tubule'' | ''Inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the proximal convoluted tubule'' | ||
*[[acetazolamide]] | *[[acetazolamide]] | ||
*[[methazolamide]] | *[[methazolamide]] | ||
| − | === Potassium-sparing diuretics === | + | ===Potassium-sparing diuretics=== |
*Aldosterone antagonists | *Aldosterone antagonists | ||
**[[Spironolactone]] | **[[Spironolactone]] | ||
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**[[Triamterene]] | **[[Triamterene]] | ||
| − | === Osmotic diuretics === | + | ===Osmotic diuretics=== |
''Increase osmolality and work primarily by expanding extracellular fluid and plasma volume, therefore increasing blood flow to the kidneys'' | ''Increase osmolality and work primarily by expanding extracellular fluid and plasma volume, therefore increasing blood flow to the kidneys'' | ||
*[[Mannitol]] | *[[Mannitol]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:14, 10 July 2017
Contents
Types
High ceiling/loop diuretic
Inhibit Na+/K+/2Cl symporter in ascending limb of loop of Henle, preventing reabsorption and thereby increasing urinary excretion of sodium, chloride, and potassium
- Furosemide
- Ethacrynic acid
- Torsemide
- Bumetanide
- 40mg furosemide = 20 mg torsemide = 1mg bumetanide = 50 mg ethacrynic acid
Thiazides
Act on the distal convoluted tubule and inhibit the sodium-chloride symporter
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the proximal convoluted tubule
Potassium-sparing diuretics
- Aldosterone antagonists
- Epithelial sodium channel blockers:
Osmotic diuretics
Increase osmolality and work primarily by expanding extracellular fluid and plasma volume, therefore increasing blood flow to the kidneys
- Mannitol
- Glucose (e.g. during hyperglycemia)