Fractures (main): Difference between revisions
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== | ==Describing Fractures== | ||
*[[ | *Open versus Closed | ||
*Location | |||
**Intra-articular versus articular | |||
**Mid-shaft, proximal 1/3, or distal 1/3 | |||
**Supracondylar | |||
**Intertrochanteric, subtrochanteric, femoral neck, or subcapital | |||
*Orientation of the fracture line | |||
**Transverse | |||
**Oblique | |||
**Spiral | |||
**Comminuted | |||
**Segmental | |||
**Torus / Greenstick (Peds) | |||
*Displacement | |||
**Extent to which fracture fragments are offset from each other | |||
***State in terms of direct measurement (e.g. 4mm) or %width of bones (50% displacement) | |||
**Direction of displacement is based on position of distal fragment relative to proximal | |||
*Separation | |||
**Distance the two fragments have been pulled apart (but not offset from each other) | |||
*Shortening | |||
**Amount by which a bone's length has been reduced (expressed in mm or cm) | |||
**May occur by impaction or by overriding | |||
*Angulation | |||
**Described in terms of degree and direction | |||
***Degree | |||
****Calculate amount of "unbending" needed to make fx fragments parallel | |||
***Direction | |||
****Described by direction of the apex of the angle formed by the two fragments OR | |||
****Described by direction the terminal fragment is deviated | |||
****Examples: anterior or posterior, lateral or medial, radial or ulnar, dorsal or volar | |||
*Rotational Deformity | |||
**Usually apparent on physical exam, not on radiographs | |||
*Fracture-Dislocation | |||
**Be careful not to describe these injuries as fractures with displacement | |||
*[[Salter Harris]] | |||
==Head and Neck== | ==Head and Neck== |
Revision as of 20:24, 8 June 2015
Describing Fractures
- Open versus Closed
- Location
- Intra-articular versus articular
- Mid-shaft, proximal 1/3, or distal 1/3
- Supracondylar
- Intertrochanteric, subtrochanteric, femoral neck, or subcapital
- Orientation of the fracture line
- Transverse
- Oblique
- Spiral
- Comminuted
- Segmental
- Torus / Greenstick (Peds)
- Displacement
- Extent to which fracture fragments are offset from each other
- State in terms of direct measurement (e.g. 4mm) or %width of bones (50% displacement)
- Direction of displacement is based on position of distal fragment relative to proximal
- Extent to which fracture fragments are offset from each other
- Separation
- Distance the two fragments have been pulled apart (but not offset from each other)
- Shortening
- Amount by which a bone's length has been reduced (expressed in mm or cm)
- May occur by impaction or by overriding
- Angulation
- Described in terms of degree and direction
- Degree
- Calculate amount of "unbending" needed to make fx fragments parallel
- Direction
- Described by direction of the apex of the angle formed by the two fragments OR
- Described by direction the terminal fragment is deviated
- Examples: anterior or posterior, lateral or medial, radial or ulnar, dorsal or volar
- Degree
- Described in terms of degree and direction
- Rotational Deformity
- Usually apparent on physical exam, not on radiographs
- Fracture-Dislocation
- Be careful not to describe these injuries as fractures with displacement
- Salter Harris
Head and Neck
Maxillofacial Trauma
- Ears
- Nose
- Oral
- Other face
- Zygomatic arch fracture
- Zygomaticomaxillary (tripod) fracture
- Related
Vertebral fractures and dislocations types
- Cervical fractures and dislocations
- Thoracic and lumbar fractures and dislocations
Upper Extremity
Humerus Fracture Types
Elbow
- Adult
- Pediatric
Forearm Fracture Types
- Distal radius fractures
- Radia ulna fracture
- Isolated radius fracture (proximal)
- Isolated ulna fracture (i.e. nightstick)
- Monteggia fracture-dislocation
- Galeazzi fracture-dislocation
- Forearm fracture (peds)
Carpal fractures
- Scaphoid fracture
- Lunate fracture
- Triquetrum fracture
- Pisiform fracture
- Trapezium fracture
- Trapezoid fracture
- Capitate fracture
- Hamate fracture
Hand and Finger Fracture Types
Torso
Chest
Abdomen
Spine
Lower Extremity
Proximal Leg
Distal Leg Fracture Types
- Tibial plateau fracture
- Tibial shaft fracture
- Pilon fracture
- Maisonneuve fracture
- Tibia fracture (peds)
- Ankle fracture
- Foot and toe fractures