Globe rupture: Difference between revisions
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
*Vision threatening emergency | *Vision threatening emergency | ||
* | *Is a full thickness disruption of sclera or cornea | ||
*Be careful not to apply pressure to eye | *Be careful not to apply pressure to eye | ||
**Evert lids with paperclips or eyelid retractors | **Evert lids with paperclips or eyelid retractors | ||
Revision as of 20:08, 17 December 2017
Background
- Vision threatening emergency
- Is a full thickness disruption of sclera or cornea
- Be careful not to apply pressure to eye
- Evert lids with paperclips or eyelid retractors
Causes
- Blunt Eye Trauma
- Caused by suddenly elevated IOP
- Penetrating trauma
- Suspect globe penetration with any puncture or laceration of eyelid or periorbital area
- More commonly associated with objects from metal on metal, lawn mower, drills, grinders[1]
Clinical Features
- Eye pain
- +/- decreased visual acuity
- Tear-shaped pupil
- Extrusion of intraocular content
- Subconjunctival hemorrhage involving entire sclera
- Hemorrhagic chemosis
- Slit-lamp
- Shallow anterior chamber
- Hyphema
- Seidel's sign - do not perform this test if suspect open globe
- May be falsely negative if scleral rupture is small
- Lens dislocation
Differential Diagnosis
Maxillofacial Trauma
- Ears
- Nose
- Oral
- Other face
- Zygomatic arch fracture
- Zygomaticomaxillary (tripod) fracture
- Related
Evaluation
- Inspect lids, lashes, cornea, sclera, and pupils.
- Evaluate for a relative afferent pupillary defect
- Visual Acuity
- Do NOT perform tonometry for IOP
Work-Up
- Non-contrast CT orbit
- Consider if concern for intraocular foreign body OR diagnosis is unclear
- Sensitivity ~60%
Management[2]
- Consult ophtho immediately
- Do not manipulate the eye
- Eye covering with metal shield or paper cup
- Elevate head of bed
- Treat nausea/vomiting
- Broad spectrum IV antibiotics
- Ceftazidime 1gm + vanco 1 gm
- penicillin allergy: Cipro + vanco
- Tetanus, if indicated
- Keep patient NPO
- Intubation, if necessary
- Succinylcholine and ketamine <3mg/kg do not increase intraocular pressure or cause adverse outcomes[3]
Disposition
- Admission for surgical repair by ophthalmology
- Transfer to tertiary trauma center if ophthalmologist prefer
See Also
References
- ↑ Zhang Y et al. Intraocular foreign bodies in China: clinical characteristics, prognostic factors and visual outcomes in 1421 eyes. Am J Ohthalmol. 2011:152:66-73
- ↑ Layer N, et a. Algorithm for evaluation and management of the ruptured globe in an adult. Department of Ophthamology, University of California, San Francisco. http://www.icoph.org/dynamic/attachments/resources/rupturedglobeico.pdf
- ↑ Libonati MM, Leahy JJ, Ellison N: The use of succinylcholine in open eye surgery. Anesthesiology 1985; 62:637-640