Gram positive bacteria: Difference between revisions
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#Clusters ([[Staph Species]]) | #Clusters ([[Staph Species]]) | ||
##Coagulase Positive: [[Staph aureus]] | ##Coagulase Positive: [[Staph aureus]] | ||
###Always consider a blood culture positive for Staphylococcus aureus to be true bacteremia (and not a contaminant) due to the danger of delaying treatment<ref>Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp</ref> | ###Always consider a blood culture positive for Staphylococcus aureus to be true bacteremia (and not a [[Bacteremia Versus Contaminated Blood Cultures|contaminant]]) due to the danger of delaying treatment<ref>Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp</ref> | ||
##Coagulase Negative: | ##Coagulase Negative: | ||
###[[Staph epidermidis]] | ###[[Staph epidermidis]] | ||
####Most common cause of catheter-related bacteremia<ref>Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp</ref> | ####Most common cause of catheter-related bacteremia<ref>Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp</ref> | ||
####Most common skin contaminant found in blood cultures<ref>Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp</ref> | ####Most common skin [[Bacteremia Versus Contaminated Blood Cultures|contaminant]] found in blood cultures<ref>Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp</ref> | ||
###[[Staph saprophyticus]] | ###[[Staph saprophyticus]] | ||
####[[UTI]]s in women | ####[[UTI]]s in women |
Revision as of 07:06, 22 April 2014
Cocci
- Clusters (Staph Species)
- Coagulase Positive: Staph aureus
- Always consider a blood culture positive for Staphylococcus aureus to be true bacteremia (and not a contaminant) due to the danger of delaying treatment[1]
- Coagulase Negative:
- Staph epidermidis
- Most common cause of catheter-related bacteremia[2]
- Most common skin contaminant found in blood cultures[3]
- Staph saprophyticus
- UTIs in women
- Staph lugdunensis
- Rare cause of endocarditis, meningitis, and Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
- Staph haemolyticus
- Rare cause of endocarditis, meningitis
- Staph epidermidis
- Coagulase Positive: Staph aureus
- Chains
- Enterococcus (e.g. Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium)
- May cause bacteremia in the proper clinical setting (UTI, intra-abdominal infections, infected vascular catheters, and endocarditis)[4]
- Strep viridans
- In general are low virulence pathogens and likely contaminants (21-50% of positive blood cultures are clinically significant
- Risk factors for VGS bacteremia include: neutropenia, oral mucositis, irradiation to the oral cavity, antibiotic prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones, intravenous hyperalimentation, high dose chemotherapy
- Other Strep Species
- ß-hemolytic streptococcus (Group A Streptococcus, Group B Streptococcus, etc)
- Enterococcus (e.g. Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium)
- Pairs
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Asociated with pneumonia, meningitis, peritonitis and other severe infections
- Isolation of this organism is always significant and should be treated[5]
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
Rods (Bacilli)
Organism | Cult | Morphology | |
Small |
Aero |
tumbling | |
Diphtheroids |
Small | Anaero |
pallisades |
Actinomyces |
Small | Anaero |
Branching |
Propionibac |
Small | Anaero |
clumps/pleo |
Lactobacillus |
Variable | Both |
may chain |
Clostridium |
Large | Anaero |
Spores |
Bacillus | Large | Aero | Spores |
Clinical Identification Chart
Table Overview
|
See Also
Source
- ↑ Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp
- ↑ Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp
- ↑ Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp
- ↑ Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp
- ↑ Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp