Gram positive bacteria: Difference between revisions
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###[[Staph haemolyticus]] | ###[[Staph haemolyticus]] | ||
####Rare cause of [[endocarditis]], [[meningitis]] | ####Rare cause of [[endocarditis]], [[meningitis]] | ||
#Chains | #Chains of Pairs | ||
##Enterococcus (e.g. Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium) | ##Enterococcus (e.g. Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium) | ||
###May cause bacteremia in the proper clinical setting ([[UTI]], intra-abdominal infections, infected vascular catheters, and [[endocarditis]])<ref>Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp</ref> | ###May cause bacteremia in the proper clinical setting ([[UTI]], intra-abdominal infections, infected vascular catheters, and [[endocarditis]])<ref>Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp</ref> | ||
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####In general are low virulence pathogens and likely contaminants (21-50% of positive blood cultures are clinically significant) | ####In general are low virulence pathogens and likely contaminants (21-50% of positive blood cultures are clinically significant) | ||
####Risk factors for VGS bacteremia include: neutropenia, oral mucositis, irradiation to the oral cavity, antibiotic prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones, intravenous hyperalimentation, high dose chemotherapy | ####Risk factors for VGS bacteremia include: neutropenia, oral mucositis, irradiation to the oral cavity, antibiotic prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones, intravenous hyperalimentation, high dose chemotherapy | ||
##[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]] (Pairs only) | |||
###Asociated with [[pneumonia]], [[meningitis]], [[peritonitis]] and other severe infections | |||
###Isolation of this organism is always significant and should be treated<ref>Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp</ref> | |||
##Other [[Strep Species]] | ##Other [[Strep Species]] | ||
####ß-hemolytic streptococcus (Group A Streptococcus, Group B Streptococcus, etc) | ####ß-hemolytic streptococcus (Group A Streptococcus, Group B Streptococcus, etc) | ||
==Rods (Bacilli)== | ==Rods (Bacilli)== |
Revision as of 23:39, 23 April 2014
Cocci
- Clusters (Staph Species)
- Coagulase Positive: Staph aureus
- Always consider as true bacteremia (and not a contaminant) due to the danger of delaying treatment[1]
- Coagulase Negative:
- Staph epidermidis
- Most common cause of catheter-related bacteremia[2]
- Most common skin contaminant found in blood cultures[3]
- Staph saprophyticus
- UTIs in women
- Staph lugdunensis
- Rare cause of endocarditis, meningitis, and Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
- Staph haemolyticus
- Rare cause of endocarditis, meningitis
- Staph epidermidis
- Coagulase Positive: Staph aureus
- Chains of Pairs
- Enterococcus (e.g. Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium)
- May cause bacteremia in the proper clinical setting (UTI, intra-abdominal infections, infected vascular catheters, and endocarditis)[4]
- Strep viridans
- In general are low virulence pathogens and likely contaminants (21-50% of positive blood cultures are clinically significant)
- Risk factors for VGS bacteremia include: neutropenia, oral mucositis, irradiation to the oral cavity, antibiotic prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones, intravenous hyperalimentation, high dose chemotherapy
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pairs only)
- Asociated with pneumonia, meningitis, peritonitis and other severe infections
- Isolation of this organism is always significant and should be treated[5]
- Other Strep Species
- ß-hemolytic streptococcus (Group A Streptococcus, Group B Streptococcus, etc)
- Enterococcus (e.g. Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium)
Rods (Bacilli)
Organism | Cult | Morphology | |
Small |
Aero |
tumbling | |
Diphtheroids |
Small | Anaero |
pallisades |
Actinomyces |
Small | Anaero |
Branching |
Propionibac |
Small | Anaero |
clumps/pleo |
Lactobacillus |
Variable | Both |
may chain |
Clostridium |
Large | Anaero |
Spores |
Bacillus | Large | Aero | Spores |
Clinical Identification Chart
Table Overview
|
See Also
Source
- ↑ Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp
- ↑ Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp
- ↑ Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp
- ↑ Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp
- ↑ Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp