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Background
Scheme showing sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the pupil and sites of a lesion in Horner's syndrome.
- Involves lesion anywhere along the sympathetic tract:
- Central (Hypothalamus, brainstem, spinal cord)
- Preganglionic (Pulmonary apex)
- Postganglionic (Superior cervical ganglion, ICA, skull base, cavernous sinus)
Causes
Clinical Features
Left-sided Horner's syndrome
Differential Diagnosis
Evaluation
- CXR
- CT brain
- CT Angiography head and neck, MRI, or MRA if concern for carotid artery dissection
Management
See Also
References