Lactic acidosis: Difference between revisions
ClaireLewis (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
|||
| (25 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
*Most common cause of metabolic acidosis in hospitalized patients | *Most common cause of [[metabolic acidosis]] in hospitalized patients | ||
== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
* | *Anorexia | ||
* | *[[Nausea]] | ||
* | *[[Vomiting]] | ||
*[[Abdominal pain]] | |||
*[[Lethargy]] | |||
*[[Hyperventilation]] | |||
*[[Hypotension]] | |||
== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
[[File:Elevated Serum Lactate - New Page.jpeg|thumb]] | |||
{{Lactic acidosis DDX}} | |||
== | ==Evaluation== | ||
* | *Hyperlactatemia = Lactate >2 mEq/L | ||
* | *Lactic Acidosis = Lactate >4 mEq/L | ||
===Lactate False Positives=== | |||
*[[Beta agonists]] or beta stimulation | |||
*Extreme exercise | |||
*[[Seizures]], immediate ictal period | |||
*[[Hepatic failure]] | |||
**Lactate ringer's solution unlikely to cause false positive except in hepatic failure | |||
==Management== | |||
*Treat underlying cause | |||
==Disposition== | |||
*Depends on underlying cause | |||
==See Also== | |||
*[[EBQ:Lactate clearance vs central venous oxygen saturation]] | |||
*[[HAART-induced lactic acidosis]] | |||
==External Links== | |||
*[http://pemplaybook.org/podcast/big-labs-little-people-troponin-bnp-d-dimer-and-lactate/ Pediatric Emergency Playbook Podcast: Big Labs, Little People] | |||
==References== | |||
<references/> | |||
[[Category:FEN]] | [[Category:FEN]] | ||
[[Category:ID]] | [[Category:ID]] | ||
Revision as of 16:21, 29 September 2019
Background
- Most common cause of metabolic acidosis in hospitalized patients
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Lactic acidosis
By Type
- Type A (tissue hypoperfusion)
- Type B (decreased utilization)
- Alcoholism
- ↓ Lactate utilization secondary to hepatic dysfunction
- ↓ NAD+/NADH ratio leads to ↑ conversion of pyruvate to lactate
- Metformin
- DKA
- Mainly due to D-lactate production, though hypovolemia contributes
- Liver disease (decreased clearance)
- Adrenergic receptor agonism; viz., albuterol, epinephrine, etc
- Malignancy
- Carbon Monoxide poisoning
- Cyanide poisoning
- Alcoholism
- Type D
- episodes of encephalopathy and metabolic acidosis typically following high carbohydrate meals in patients with short bowel syndrome
- metabolic acidosis and high serum anion gap, normal lactate level, short bowel syn or other forms of malabsorption, and characteristic neurologic findings
- Type D lactate is not detected with standard lactate levels
Complete List
- Any shock state
- SIRS; lactate may be 2-5 mEq/L
- Thiamine deficiency; more often seen in ICU settings; Thiamine is a co-factor for pyruvate dehydrogenase
- Seizure
- Dead gut
- Hepatic failure
- Malignancy
- Exercise
- Albuterol and other beta agonists[1][2]
- Toxicologic Causes:
- Cyanide
- Carbon Monoxide
- Metformin
- Didanosine
- Stavudine
- Zidovudine
- Linezolid
- Strychnine
- Emtriva
- Rotenone (Fish Poison
- NaAzide (Lab Workers)
- APAP (if Liver Fx)
- Phospine (rodenticide)
- NaMonofluoroacetate (Coyote Poison‐ give Etoh as antidote)
- INH (if patient seizes)
- Hemlock
- Valproate
- Hydrogen Sulfide
- Nitroprusside (if cyanide toxic)
- Ricin & Castor Beans
- Propofol
- Sympathomimetics (cocaine, methamphetamine)
- Jequirty peas (Abrus precatorius)
- Prunus Amygdalus plants
- Crab tree apple seeds & cassava (yucca)
- HAART-induced lactic acidosis
Evaluation
- Hyperlactatemia = Lactate >2 mEq/L
- Lactic Acidosis = Lactate >4 mEq/L
Lactate False Positives
- Beta agonists or beta stimulation
- Extreme exercise
- Seizures, immediate ictal period
- Hepatic failure
- Lactate ringer's solution unlikely to cause false positive except in hepatic failure
Management
- Treat underlying cause
Disposition
- Depends on underlying cause