Listeria monocytogenes: Difference between revisions

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==Background==
==Background==<ref>Ciaranello, A. L., &amp; Author AffiliationsFrom the Departments of Medicine (A.L.C. (2021, July 15). Case 21-2021: A 33-Year-Old Pregnant Woman with Fever, Abdominal Pain, and Headache: NEJM. New England Journal of Medicine. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcpc2107344?query=featured_home. </ref>
*Intracellular aerobic [[Gram Positive]] motile rod
*Ingestion of Listeria often from contaminated, ready-to-eat food:
**melons
**soft cheese
**deli meat
**raw milk
*Approximately 2/3 of pregnant women with listeria infection have symptoms such as:
**fever
**abdominal pain
**vomiting
**headache
**diarrhea
*Infected pregnant women have a risk of miscarriage or stillbirth of approximately 20%


==Antibiotic Sensitivities<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2010</ref>==
==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Organisms'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Category'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|''''''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Antibiotic'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''L. monocytogenes'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''[[L. monocytogenes]]'''
|-
|-
| Penicillins||Penicillin G||+
| [[Penicillins]]||[[Penicillin G]]||S
|-
|-
| ||Penicillin V||0
| ||[[Penicillin V]]||R
|-
|-
| Anti-Staphylocccal Penicillins||Methicillin||0
| ||[[Methicillin]]||R
|-
|-
| ||Nafcillin/Oxacillin||0
| ||[[Nafcillin]]/[[Oxacillin]]||R
|-
|-
| ||Cloxacillin/Diclox.||0
| ||[[Cloxacillin]]/[[Diclox.]]||R
|-
|-
| Amino-Penicillins||AMP/Amox||+
| Amino-[[Penicillins]]||[[AMP]]/[[Amox]]||S
|-
|-
| ||Amox/Clav||
| ||[[Amox-Clav]]||X2
|-
|-
| ||AMP-Sulb||+
| ||[[AMP-Sulb]]||S
|-
|-
| Anti-Pseudomonal Penicillins||Ticarcillin||+
| Anti-Pseudomonal [[Penicillins]]||[[Ticarcillin]]||S
|-
|-
| ||Ticar-Clav||
| ||[[Ticar-Clav]]||X2
|-
|-
| ||Pip-Taxo||
| ||[[Pip-Tazo]]||X2
|-
|-
| [[Carbapenems]]||Piperacillin||+
| ||Piperacillin||S
|-
|-
| ||Doripenem||+
| [[Carbapenems]]||Doripenem||S
|-
|-
| ||Ertapenem||+/-
| ||[[Ertapenem]]||I
|-
|-
| ||Imipenem||+
| ||[[Imipenem]]||S
|-
|-
| ||Meropenem||+
| ||[[Meropenem]]||S
|-
|-
| ||[[Aztreonam]]||0
| ||[[Aztreonam]]||R
|-
|-
| [[Fluroquinolones]]||[[Ciprofloxacin]]||+
| [[Fluroquinolones]]||[[Ciprofloxacin]]||S
|-
|-
| ||Ofloxacin||0
| ||[[Ofloxacin]]||R
|-
|-
| ||Pefloxacin||0
| ||Pefloxacin||R
|-
|-
| ||[[Levofloxacin]]||+
| ||[[Levofloxacin]]||S
|-
|-
| ||Moxifloxacin||+
| ||[[Moxifloxacin]]||S
|-
|-
| ||Gemifloxacin||+
| ||Gemifloxacin||S
|-
|-
| ||Gatifloxacin||+
| ||Gatifloxacin||S
|-
|-
| 1st G [[Cephalosporin]]||Cefazolin||0
| 1st G [[Cephalo]]||Cefazolin||R
|-
|-
| 2nd G. [[Cephalosporin]]||[[Cefotetan]]||0
| 2nd G. [[Cephalo]]||[[Cefotetan]]||R
|-
|-
| ||Cefoxitin||0
| ||[[Cefoxitin]]||R
|-
|-
| ||Cefuroxime||0
| ||[[Cefuroxime]]||R
|-
|-
| 3rd/4th G. [[Cephalosporin]]||[[CefoTAXime]]||0
| 3rd/4th G. [[Cephalo]]||[[Cefotaxime]]||R
|-
|-
| ||Cefizoxime||0
| ||Cefizoxime||R
|-
|-
| ||[[CefTRIAXone]]||0
| ||[[CefTRIAXone]]||R
|-
|-
| ||Ceftobiprole||
| ||Ceftaroline||X1
|-
|-
| ||Ceftaroline||
| ||[[CefTAZidime]]||R
|-
|-
| ||[[CefTAZidime]]||0
| ||[[Cefepime]]||R
|-
|-
| ||[[Cefepime]]||0
| Oral 1st G. [[Cephalo]]||Cefadroxil||R
|-
|-
| Oral 1st G.  [[Cephalosporin]]||Cefadroxil||0
| ||[[Cephalexin]]||R
|-
|-
| ||[[Cephalexin]]||0
| Oral 2nd G. [[Cephalo]]||Cefaclor/Loracarbef||R
|-
|-
| Oral 2nd G.  [[Cephalosporin]]||Cefaclor/Loracarbef||0
| ||Cefproxil||R
|-
|-
| ||Cefproxil||0
| ||Cefuroxime axetil||R
|-
|-
| ||Cefuroxime axetil||0
| Oral 3rd G. [[Cephalo]]||Cefixime||R
|-
|-
| Oral 3rd G.  [[Cephalosporin]]||Cefixime||0
| ||Ceftibuten||R
|-
|-
| ||Ceftibuten||0
| ||Cefpodox/Cefdinir/Cefditoren||R
|-
|-
| ||Cefpodox/Cefdinir/Cefditoren||0
| [[Aminoglycosides]]||[[Gentamicin]]||SS
|-
|-
| [[Aminoglycosides]]||[[Gentamicin]]||S
| ||Tobramycin||SS
|-
|-
| ||Tobramycin||S
| ||[[Amikacin]]||SS
|-
|-
| ||[[Amikacin]]||S
| ||[[Chloramphenicol]]||S
|-
| ||Chloramphenicol||+
|-
|-
| ||[[Clindamycin]]||
| ||[[Clindamycin]]||
|-
|-
| [[Macrolides]]||Erythromycin||+
| [[Macrolides]]||Erythromycin||S
|-
| ||[[Azithromycin]]||+
|-
|-
| ||Clarithromycin||+
| ||[[Azithromycin]]||S
|-
|-
| Ketolide||Telithromycin||+
| ||Clarithromycin||S
|-
|-
| Tetracyclines||[[Doxycycline]]||+
| Ketolide||Telithromycin||S
|-
|-
| ||Minocycline||+
| Tetracyclines||[[Doxycycline]]||S
|-
|-
| Glycylcycline||Tigecycline||+
| ||Minocycline||S
|-
|-
| Glyco/Lipoclycopeptides||[[Vancomycin]]||+
| Glycylcycline||Tigecycline||S
|-
|-
| ||Teicoplanin||+
| ||Daptomycin||I
|-
|-
| ||Telavancin||+
| Glyco/Lipoclycopeptides||[[Vancomycin]]||S
|-
|-
| ||Fusidic Acid||
| ||Teicoplanin||S
|-
|-
| ||Trimethoprim||+
| ||Telavancin||S
|-
|-
| ||[[TMP-SMX]]||+
| ||Fusidic Acid||X1
|-
|-
| Urinary Agents||[[Nitrofurantoin]]||
| ||Trimethoprim||S
|-
|-
| ||Fosfomycin||
| ||[[TMP-SMX]]||S
|-
|-
| Other||[[Rifampin]]||+
| Urinary Agents||[[Nitrofurantoin]]||X1
|-
|-
| ||[[Metronidazole]]||0
| ||Fosfomycin||R
|-
|-
| ||Quinupristin dalfoppristin||+
| Other||[[Rifampin]]||S
|-
|-
| ||Linezolid||+
| ||[[Metronidazole]]||R
|-
|-
| ||[[Daptomycin]]||+/-
| ||Quinupristin dalfoppristin||S
|-
|-
| ||Colistimethate||0
| ||[[Linezolid]]||S
|-
|-
|  
| ||Colistimethate||R
|}
|}


Latest revision as of 21:06, 16 July 2021

==Background==[1]

  • Intracellular aerobic Gram Positive motile rod
  • Ingestion of Listeria often from contaminated, ready-to-eat food:
    • melons
    • soft cheese
    • deli meat
    • raw milk
  • Approximately 2/3 of pregnant women with listeria infection have symptoms such as:
    • fever
    • abdominal pain
    • vomiting
    • headache
    • diarrhea
  • Infected pregnant women have a risk of miscarriage or stillbirth of approximately 20%

Antibiotic Sensitivities[2]

Category Antibiotic L. monocytogenes
Penicillins Penicillin G S
Penicillin V R
Methicillin R
Nafcillin/Oxacillin R
Cloxacillin/Diclox. R
Amino-Penicillins AMP/Amox S
Amox-Clav X2
AMP-Sulb S
Anti-Pseudomonal Penicillins Ticarcillin S
Ticar-Clav X2
Pip-Tazo X2
Piperacillin S
Carbapenems Doripenem S
Ertapenem I
Imipenem S
Meropenem S
Aztreonam R
Fluroquinolones Ciprofloxacin S
Ofloxacin R
Pefloxacin R
Levofloxacin S
Moxifloxacin S
Gemifloxacin S
Gatifloxacin S
1st G Cephalo Cefazolin R
2nd G. Cephalo Cefotetan R
Cefoxitin R
Cefuroxime R
3rd/4th G. Cephalo Cefotaxime R
Cefizoxime R
CefTRIAXone R
Ceftaroline X1
CefTAZidime R
Cefepime R
Oral 1st G. Cephalo Cefadroxil R
Cephalexin R
Oral 2nd G. Cephalo Cefaclor/Loracarbef R
Cefproxil R
Cefuroxime axetil R
Oral 3rd G. Cephalo Cefixime R
Ceftibuten R
Cefpodox/Cefdinir/Cefditoren R
Aminoglycosides Gentamicin SS
Tobramycin SS
Amikacin SS
Chloramphenicol S
Clindamycin
Macrolides Erythromycin S
Azithromycin S
Clarithromycin S
Ketolide Telithromycin S
Tetracyclines Doxycycline S
Minocycline S
Glycylcycline Tigecycline S
Daptomycin I
Glyco/Lipoclycopeptides Vancomycin S
Teicoplanin S
Telavancin S
Fusidic Acid X1
Trimethoprim S
TMP-SMX S
Urinary Agents Nitrofurantoin X1
Fosfomycin R
Other Rifampin S
Metronidazole R
Quinupristin dalfoppristin S
Linezolid S
Colistimethate R

Key

  • S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
  • I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
  • R resistant (or not effective clinically)
  • S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
  • U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
  • X1 no data
  • X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
  • X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
  • X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia

Table Overview

Gram Positives
Cocci
Clusters
Pairs/Chains
Other
Rods
Gram Negatives
Cocci
Rods
Lactose Fermenters
Lactose Non-Fermenters
Other
Rods/Cocci
Anaerobes

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Ciaranello, A. L., & Author AffiliationsFrom the Departments of Medicine (A.L.C. (2021, July 15). Case 21-2021: A 33-Year-Old Pregnant Woman with Fever, Abdominal Pain, and Headache: NEJM. New England Journal of Medicine. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcpc2107344?query=featured_home.
  2. ↑ Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014
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