Magnesium sulfate: Difference between revisions
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==General== | ==General== | ||
*Type: [[Antiarrhythmics]] | *Type: [[Antiarrhythmics]] | ||
*Dosage Forms: | *Dosage Forms: IV | ||
*Common Trade Names: | *Common Trade Names: | ||
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*Loading dose = 1-2gm in 10mL D5W over 1-2min (cardiac arrest) | *Loading dose = 1-2gm in 10mL D5W over 1-2min (cardiac arrest) | ||
*Loading dose = 1-4gm in 50-100 D5W over 20-60min (spontaneous circulation) | *Loading dose = 1-4gm in 50-100 D5W over 20-60min (spontaneous circulation) | ||
*Eclampsia: | |||
**Initial: 4 g magnesium sulfate 50% solution (400 mg elemental magnesium) to a 10% or 20% solution and give IV over 3 to 4 minutes OR 5mg IM in each buttock | |||
**Maintenance: 1 to 2 g/hr IV until paroxysms cease | |||
===Indications=== | ===Indications=== | ||
*Torsades | *Torsades | ||
*Refractory v-tach/fib (regardless of Mg level) | *Refractory v-tach/fib (regardless of Mg level) | ||
*Eclampsia | |||
*Hypomagnesemia | |||
*Barium poisoning | |||
==Pediatric Dosing== | ==Pediatric Dosing== | ||
*Torsades: 25 to 50 mg/kg rapid infusion over several minutes | |||
===Cardiac=== | ===Cardiac=== | ||
*25-50 mg/kg IV x 1 | *25-50 mg/kg IV x 1 | ||
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==Special Populations== | ==Special Populations== | ||
*[[Drug Ratings in Pregnancy|Pregnancy Rating]]: | *[[Drug Ratings in Pregnancy|Pregnancy Rating]]: D (despite being drug of choice for eclampsia!) | ||
*Lactation: | *Lactation: infant risk minimal | ||
*Renal Dosing | *Renal Dosing: for severe renal impairment, max dose 20g/48 hours | ||
**Adult | **Adult | ||
**Pediatric | **Pediatric | ||
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===Serious=== | ===Serious=== | ||
*Hypotension (rare) | *Hypotension (rare) | ||
*Heart block | |||
*CNS depression | |||
===Common=== | ===Common=== | ||
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*Duration of action = 30min | *Duration of action = 30min | ||
*Metabolism: | *Metabolism: | ||
*Excretion: | *Excretion: Renal | ||
===Mechanism of Action=== | ===Mechanism of Action=== | ||
Revision as of 03:45, 14 July 2016
See critical care quick reference for drug doses by weight.
General
- Type: Antiarrhythmics
- Dosage Forms: IV
- Common Trade Names:
Adult Dosing
- Loading dose = 1-2gm in 10mL D5W over 1-2min (cardiac arrest)
- Loading dose = 1-4gm in 50-100 D5W over 20-60min (spontaneous circulation)
- Eclampsia:
- Initial: 4 g magnesium sulfate 50% solution (400 mg elemental magnesium) to a 10% or 20% solution and give IV over 3 to 4 minutes OR 5mg IM in each buttock
- Maintenance: 1 to 2 g/hr IV until paroxysms cease
Indications
- Torsades
- Refractory v-tach/fib (regardless of Mg level)
- Eclampsia
- Hypomagnesemia
- Barium poisoning
Pediatric Dosing
- Torsades: 25 to 50 mg/kg rapid infusion over several minutes
Cardiac
- 25-50 mg/kg IV x 1
See critical care quick reference for drug doses by weight.
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: D (despite being drug of choice for eclampsia!)
- Lactation: infant risk minimal
- Renal Dosing: for severe renal impairment, max dose 20g/48 hours
- Adult
- Pediatric
- Hepatic Dosing
- Adult
- Pediatric
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- Hypotension (rare)
- Heart block
- CNS depression
Common
Pharmacology
- Half-life:
- Onset of action = Immediate
- Duration of action = 30min
- Metabolism:
- Excretion: Renal
Mechanism of Action
- Increases vasomotor tone
- Prolongs AV conduction; prolongs refractoriness