Milk-alkali syndrome: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
{{Hypercalcemia DDX}} | |||
==Evaluation== | ==Evaluation== | ||
Revision as of 06:36, 6 December 2016
Background
- Definition: Hypercalcemia due to increased calcium intake in the setting of renal failure
- 3rd most common cause of hypercalcemia, after hyperparathyroidism and malignancy
Clinical Features
- Often due to heavy use of calcium containing antacids
- Headache, confusion, dizziness, poor appetite, psychosis, dry mouth, constipation
Differential Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
- Addison's disease
- Calciphylaxis
- Excess vitamin D
- Hypercalcemia of malignancy
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
- Lithium
- Milk-alkali syndrome
- Paget disease
- Sarcoidosis
- Thiazide diuretics
Evaluation
- High calcium
- Alkalosis
- Normal or high serum phosphate
- Low serum PTH
- Normal serum 25(OH)D
- Normal or low 1,25(OH)D
Management
- Hydration
- Avoidance of calcium / alkali intake
Disposition
- Hospitalization for IV hydration in severe cases