Nerve block: Intrascalene: Difference between revisions

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*Post operative analgesia for shoulder surgery
*Post operative analgesia for shoulder surgery
*[[Humerus fracture]]
*[[Humerus fracture]]
*Lacerations or abscesses of upper arm and deltoid
*[[Lacerations]] or [[abscess]]es of upper arm and deltoid
*Shoulder dislocation
*[[Shoulder dislocation]]


==Contraindications==
==Contraindications==
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# Place the linear probe at the level of the larynx and find the IJ vein and the overlying sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)
# Place the linear probe at the level of the larynx and find the IJ vein and the overlying sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)
# Slide the probe laterally until the tapering edge of the SCM is visualized
# Slide the probe laterally until the tapering edge of the SCM is visualized
# The anterior and middle scalene muscles lie directly below the edge of the SCM, and the brachial plexus is sandwiched in between
# The anterior and middle scalene muscles lie directly below the edge of the SCM, and the brachial plexus is sandwiched in between the muscles
# The C5-C7 roots are usually well visualized and resemble a "traffic light" while C8 and T1 roots are variably visualized
# The C5-C7 roots are usually well visualized and resemble a "traffic light" while C8 and T1 roots are variably visualized
# Check with color doppler to ensure no blood vessels in the vicinity, and inject the local anethetic next the the roots
# Check with color doppler to ensure no blood vessels in the vicinity
# Insert the needle in the long axis underneath the probe and inject the local anethetic next the the roots after hydrodissecting the roots with test injections


==Complications==
==Complications==
*Phrenic nerve dysfunction<ref>Borgeat A et al. Acute and nonacute complications associated with interscalene block and shoulder surgery: a prospective study. Anesthesiology. 2001 Oct. 95(4):875-80</ref>  
*Phrenic nerve paralysis<ref>Borgeat A et al. Acute and nonacute complications associated with interscalene block and shoulder surgery: a prospective study. Anesthesiology. 2001 Oct. 95(4):875-80</ref>  
**Causing unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis and respiratory distress.
**Causing unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis and respiratory distress.
*[[Pneumothorax]]<ref>Auroy Y. et al. Major complications of regional anesthesia in France: The SOS Regional Anesthesia Hotline Service. Anesthesiology. 2002 Nov. 97(5):1274-80.</ref>
*[[Pneumothorax]]<ref>Auroy Y. et al. Major complications of regional anesthesia in France: The SOS Regional Anesthesia Hotline Service. Anesthesiology. 2002 Nov. 97(5):1274-80.</ref>

Revision as of 18:53, 28 September 2019

Overview

  • Provides anesthesia to the shoulder and upper arm.[1]

Indications

Contraindications

  • Severe lung disease
    • Due to risk of unilateral pneumothorax
  • Overlying infection
  • Allergy to anesthetics
  • Phrenic nerve dysfunction
    • Specifically contralateral phrenic nerve dysfunction, due to the risk of unilateral paralysis

Equipment Needed

  • Ultrasound (linear probe)
  • Syringe with 25g needle
  • 5-10cc local anesthetic

Procedure

  1. Place the linear probe at the level of the larynx and find the IJ vein and the overlying sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)
  2. Slide the probe laterally until the tapering edge of the SCM is visualized
  3. The anterior and middle scalene muscles lie directly below the edge of the SCM, and the brachial plexus is sandwiched in between the muscles
  4. The C5-C7 roots are usually well visualized and resemble a "traffic light" while C8 and T1 roots are variably visualized
  5. Check with color doppler to ensure no blood vessels in the vicinity
  6. Insert the needle in the long axis underneath the probe and inject the local anethetic next the the roots after hydrodissecting the roots with test injections

Complications

  • Phrenic nerve paralysis[2]
    • Causing unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis and respiratory distress.
  • Pneumothorax[3]
    • On the side of the nerve block

See Also

External Links

References

  1. Ullah H. et al. Continuous interscalene brachial plexus block versus parenteral analgesia for postoperative pain relief after major shoulder surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 CD007080
  2. Borgeat A et al. Acute and nonacute complications associated with interscalene block and shoulder surgery: a prospective study. Anesthesiology. 2001 Oct. 95(4):875-80
  3. Auroy Y. et al. Major complications of regional anesthesia in France: The SOS Regional Anesthesia Hotline Service. Anesthesiology. 2002 Nov. 97(5):1274-80.