Oxacillin: Difference between revisions
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*Type: Anti-Staphylococcal [[Penicillin]] | *Type: Anti-Staphylococcal [[Penicillin]] | ||
*Dosage Forms: IM; IV | *Dosage Forms: IM; IV | ||
*Common Trade Names: | *Common Trade Names: Bactocill | ||
==Adult Dosing== | ==Adult Dosing== | ||
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*Lactation: Use caution | *Lactation: Use caution | ||
*Renal Dosing | *Renal Dosing | ||
**Adult | **Adult: No adjustment | ||
**Pediatric | **Pediatric: | ||
***CrCl <10: Use lower end of dosing range | |||
*Hepatic Dosing | *Hepatic Dosing | ||
**Adult | **Adult: Not defined | ||
**Pediatric | **Pediatric: Not defined | ||
==Contraindications== | ==Contraindications== | ||
*Allergy to class/drug | *Allergy to class/drug | ||
*Caution: | |||
**Non-anaphylactic hypersensitivity to beta-lactams | |||
**Hypersensitivity to corn | |||
**[[Asthma]] | |||
**Recent abx-associated colitis | |||
**Renal impairment | |||
**Sodium restriction | |||
**Seizure disorder | |||
==Adverse Reactions== | ==Adverse Reactions== | ||
Line 71: | Line 80: | ||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
*Half-life: 20-60 minutes (prolonged in neonates and renal impairment) | *Half-life: 20-60 minutes (prolonged in neonates and renal impairment) | ||
*Metabolism: | *Metabolism: Liver 45%; active metabolite | ||
*Excretion: | *Excretion: Urine (55-60% unchanged), Bile 10% | ||
*Mechanism of Action: | *Mechanism of Action: Bactericidal; inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis | ||
==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>== | ==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>== | ||
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*[[Antibiotics]] | *[[Antibiotics]] | ||
== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Pharmacology]] | [[Category:Pharmacology]] | ||
[[Category:ID]] |
Latest revision as of 00:48, 23 September 2019
General
- Type: Anti-Staphylococcal Penicillin
- Dosage Forms: IM; IV
- Common Trade Names: Bactocill
Adult Dosing
General
- Mild-to-moderate infection
- 250-500mg IM/IV q4-6 hours
- Severe infection
- 1g IM/IV q4-6 hours
Endocarditis
- 2g IV q4 hours + gentamicin
Prosthetic Joint Infection
- 2g IV q4 hours + rifampin
MSSA
- 2g IV q4 hours
- Examples: brain abscess, bursitis, erysipelas, mastitis, mastoiditis, osteomyelitis, perinephric abscess, pneumonia, pyomyositis, Scalded Skin Syndrome, Toxic Shock Syndrome
Pediatric Dosing
General
- Mild-to-moderate
- 50mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q6 hours
- First Dose: 12.5mg/kg IM/IV x 1
- Max: 4 g/day
- Severe
- 100mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q4-6 hours
- First Dose: 16.6-25mg/kg IM/IV x 1
- Max: 12 g/day
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (>3 Months)[1]
- 150-200mg/kg/day divided q6-8 hours
- First Dose: 37.5-66.6mg/kg IV x 1
- For MSSA
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: B
- Lactation: Use caution
- Renal Dosing
- Adult: No adjustment
- Pediatric:
- CrCl <10: Use lower end of dosing range
- Hepatic Dosing
- Adult: Not defined
- Pediatric: Not defined
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- Caution:
- Non-anaphylactic hypersensitivity to beta-lactams
- Hypersensitivity to corn
- Asthma
- Recent abx-associated colitis
- Renal impairment
- Sodium restriction
- Seizure disorder
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- Fever
- Rash
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Eosinophilia
- Leukopenia
- Neutropenia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Agranulocytosis
- Hepatotoxicity
- AST increased
- Acute interstitial nephritis
- Hematuria
- Serum sickness-like reactions
Common
Pharmacology
- Half-life: 20-60 minutes (prolonged in neonates and renal impairment)
- Metabolism: Liver 45%; active metabolite
- Excretion: Urine (55-60% unchanged), Bile 10%
- Mechanism of Action: Bactericidal; inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis
Antibiotic Sensitivities[2]
Key
- S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
- I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
- R resistant (or not effective clinically)
- S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
- U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
- X1 no data
- X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
- X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
- X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia