Template:Neonatal jaundice differential diagnosis

Indirect (Unconjugated) Hyperbilirubinemia

More common causes are listed first, followed by less common causes

• Breast milk jaundice
  • Due to substances in milk that inhibits glucuronyl transferase. It may start as early as 3rd day and reaches peak by 3rd week of life. It is unlikely to cause kernicterus
• Breast feeding jaundice
  • Patient does not receive adequate oral intake which then causes reduced bowel movement/bilirubin excretion. Best diagnosed by looking for signs of dehydration and comparing weight to birth weight.
• Blood group incompatibility: ABO, Rh factor, minor antigens
• Diabetic mother/gestational diabetes
• Internal hemorrhage
• Physiologic jaundice
• Polycythemia
• Sepsis
• Hemoglobinopathies: thalassemia
• Red blood cell enzyme defects: G6PD Deficiency, pyruvate kinase
• Red blood cell membrane disorders: spherocytosis, ovalocytosis
• Hypothyroidism
• Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
• Mutations of glucuronyl transferase (i.e., Crigler-Najjar syndrome, Gilbert syndrome)

Direct (Conjugated) Hyperbilirubinemia

Conjugated bilirubinemia implies a hepatic or post hepatic cause. More common causes are listed first.

• Hyperalimentation cholestasis
• Neonatal hepatitis
• Cytomegalovirus infection
• Sepsis
• TORCH infection
• Biliary atresia
• Cystic fibrosis
• Hepatic infarction
• Inborn errors of metabolism (e.g., galactosemia, tyrosinosis)