Toxicology (main): Difference between revisions
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## antipsychotics | ## antipsychotics | ||
## Chlorinated hydrocarbons | ## Chlorinated hydrocarbons | ||
## Sedative/hypnotics ([[ | ## Sedative/hypnotics ([[Ethanol Toxicity]], glycols) | ||
## [[Tricyclic (TCA) Toxicity]] | ## [[Tricyclic (TCA) Toxicity]] | ||
## Lomitil | ## Lomitil |
Revision as of 17:55, 26 September 2013
Background
Autonomic Nervous System
- Parasympathetic - ACh is transm
- Muscarinic
- receptors in heart, eye, lung, GI, skin and sweat glands
- Bradycardia
- Miosis
- Bronchorrhea / Bronchospasm
- Hyperperistalsis (SLUDGE)
- Sweating
- Vasodilation
- Nicotinic
- receptors in both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
- fasciculations, flaccid paralysis
- ?Mild bradycardia, hypotension
- Muscarinic
- Sympathetic
- ALPHA EFFECTS - vessels, eye, skin
- Mydriasis, HTN, Sweating
- BETA EFFECTS - heart, lungs
- Tachycardia, Bronchodilation
- ALPHA EFFECTS - vessels, eye, skin
Diagnosis
Toxicological Exam
- All VS (Temp, RR,HR, BP)
- Neuro Exam
- Level of consciousness
- Pupillary exam
- Motor response
- Skin Exam - moisture, temp
- Lung Exam
- Bowel Sounds
Toxidromes
Cholinergic (Organophosphates) | Anticholinergic (TCAs, antihist, phenothiazines) | Sympathomimetic^ (Cocaine, Amphetamines, Ketamine) | Sympatholytic^^ (Clonidine) | Sedative/Hypnotic (ETOH) | |
Temp | Nl | Nl/Inc | Nl/Inc | Nl/Dec | Nl/Dec |
RR | Variable | Nl/Dec | Variable | Nl/Dec | Nl/Dec |
HR | Variable | Inc | Inc (sig) | Nl/Dec | Nl/Dec |
BP | Inc | Inc | Inc | Nl/Dec | Nl/Dec |
LOC | Nl/Lethargic< | Nl, agitated, psychotic, comatose | Nl, agitated, psychotic | Nl, Lethargic, or Comatose | Nl, Lethargic, or Comatose |
Pupils | Varriable | Mydriatic | Mydriatic | Nl/Miotic | |
Motor | Fasciculations, Flacid Paralysis | Nl | Nl/Agitated | Nl | |
Skin | Sweating (sig) | Hot, dry | Sweating | Dry | |
Lungs | Bronchospasm/ rhinorrhea | Nl | Nl | Nl | |
Bowel Sounds | Hyperactive (SLUDGE) | Dec/Absent | Nl/Dec | Nl/Dec |
^^Consider Sympatholytic when looking at Sedative OD or someone who doesn't respond to Narcan
DDx for Specific Signs
Hyperthermia
- Altered Metabolism
- Aspirin (Salicylate) Toxicity
- withdrawal states
- thyroid hormones
- dinitrophenols
- Increased Muscle Activity
- withdrawal, sympathomimetics
- MAOI Toxicity
- PCP, LSD
- Lithium
- Amoxapine
- Serotonin Syndrome
- Impaired Heat Dissipation
- anticholinergics
- antihistamines
- antipsychotics (TCAs)
- Malignant Hyperthermia
- anesthestics
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
- phenothiazines, Lithium, LevoDopa
Hypothermia
- Exposure
- Ethanol Toxicity
- Sedative hypnotics
- Narcotics
- TCAs
- Phenothiazines
- Insulin (Hypoglycemia)
Increased Respiratory Rate
- Direct Stimulation
- Aspirin (Salicylate) Toxicity
- Metabolic Acidosis
- dintirophenol, pentachlorophenol
- hepatorenal failure
- CNS stimulants (cocaine, amphet, theophylline)
- Tissue Hypoxia
Respiratory Depression
- Central Depression
- antipsychotics
- Chlorinated hydrocarbons
- Sedative/hypnotics (Ethanol Toxicity, glycols)
- Tricyclic (TCA) Toxicity
- Lomitil
- Muscle Failure
- Organophosphates
- Marine Toxins
- nicotine
- strychnine
- botulinis
- Mojave rattlesnake, Cobra
See Also
Source
Originally adapted from BIRNBAUMER