| Drug |
Dose |
Infusion Rate (Minutes) |
Age |
Comments/Cautions
|
| Levetiracetam |
- 60 mg/kg/dose IV/IO
- MAX: 4500 mg/dose
|
≥5 |
Any |
Most commonly used agent
|
| Fosphenytoin |
- 20 mg phenytoin equivalent (PE)/kg/dose IV/IO/IM
- MAX: 1000 PE/dose
|
≥10 |
Any |
Choose alternate drug if on phenytoin at home; may decrease BP/HR; not for toxin-induced seizures
|
| Valproic acid |
- 40 mg/kg/dose IV/IO
- MAX: 3000 mg/dose
|
≥10 |
≥2 years |
Caution in patients with liver dysfunction, mitochondrial disease, urea disorder, thrombocytopenia, or unexplained developmental delay
|
| Phenytoin |
- 20 mg/kg/dose IV/IO
- MAX: 1000 mg/dose
|
≥20 |
Any |
Choose alternate drug if on phenytoin at home; may decrease BP/HR; not for toxin-induced seizures
|
| Phenobarbital |
- 20 mg/kg/dose IV/IO
- MAX: 1000 mg/dose
|
≥20 |
<6 months |
First line for most neonatal seizures. Respiratory depression, especially in combination with benzodiazepines
|
