Amphetamines: Difference between revisions
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
===Mixed=== | ===Mixed=== | ||
*delusions, paranoia, aggression, poor judgement, hallucinate, confusion | *delusions, paranoia, aggression, poor judgement, hallucinate, confusion | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | |||
{{Sympathomimetic types}} | |||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
*Benzodiazepines | *[[Benzodiazepines]] | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
Revision as of 03:03, 16 December 2014
Background
- Class of xenobiotics (Substituted amphetamines) based on a common central structure (ethylamine group attached to a phenol ring)
- All have mixed serotonergic and dopaminergic activity
- Unlike cocaine, duration of action may be 12hr or longer
- Time- oral- 30min, inhaled instant
- hepatic and renal excretion- lasts 6- 24 hrs
- if tolerance developes- physical exam may yield normal findings
- desipramine and amantadine can give false positive for urine amphet test
- hallucinogenic amphetamine derivatives may not show up on tox screen AKA Entactogens- enabling user to touch within
Methamphetamine
- More combative
- Delusions of parasites, formication, self-mutilate
- more dysphoric
MDMA Ecstacy
- Increases serotonin, dopamine
- Lasts 3 - 5hrs
- Hyponatremia
Diagnosis
Alpha
- pupils dilate
- sweat
- decrease gi peristalsis
- constrict blood vessels
Beta
- inc HR and contractility
- dilate bronchi
- dilate muscle beds
Mixed
- delusions, paranoia, aggression, poor judgement, hallucinate, confusion
Differential Diagnosis
Sympathomimetics
- Cocaine
- Amphetamines
- Synthetic cathinones (khat)
- Ketamine
- Ecstasy (MDMA)
- Synthetic cannabinoids
- Bath salts