Bupivacaine: Difference between revisions
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==General== | ==General== | ||
*Type: [[Local anesthetics]] | *Type: [[Local anesthetics]] | ||
*Dosage Forms: | *Dosage Forms: injectable solution | ||
*Common Trade Names: | *Dosage Strengths: 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% | ||
*Routes of administration: Infiltration | |||
*Common Trade Names: Marcaine, Sensorcaine | |||
{{Maximum doses of anesthetic agents}} | {{Maximum doses of anesthetic agents}} | ||
==Adult Dosing== | ==Adult Dosing== | ||
==Pediatric Dosing== | ==Pediatric Dosing== | ||
==Special Populations== | ==Special Populations== | ||
| Line 25: | Line 29: | ||
==Adverse Reactions== | ==Adverse Reactions== | ||
*Due to increased potency and duration, higher risk of [[Local anesthetic systemic toxicity|toxicity]] than other local anesthetics <ref>Yaster, M, Tobin, et al. Local anesthetics. In: Pain In Infants, Children, And Adolescents, 2nd edition, Schechter, NL, Berde, CB, Yaster, M (Eds), Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA 2003. p.241.</ref> | |||
===Serious=== | ===Serious=== | ||
*Negative ionotropy, hypotension, cardiac arrest | *Negative ionotropy, hypotension, cardiac arrest | ||
| Line 44: | Line 49: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | |||
[[Category:Pharmacology]] | [[Category:Pharmacology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:27, 29 November 2020
General
- Type: Local anesthetics
- Dosage Forms: injectable solution
- Dosage Strengths: 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%
- Routes of administration: Infiltration
- Common Trade Names: Marcaine, Sensorcaine
Maximum Doses of Anesthetic Agents
| Agent | Without Epinephrine | With Epinephrine | Duration | Notes |
| Lidocaine | 5 mg/kg (max 300mg) | 7 mg/kg (max 500mg) | 30-90 min |
|
| Mepivicaine | 7 mg/kg | 8 mg/kg | ||
| Bupivicaine | 2.5 mg/kg (max 175mg) | 3 mg/kg (max 225mg) | 6-8 hr |
|
| Ropivacaine | 3 mg/kg | |||
| Prilocaine | 6 mg/kg | |||
| Tetracaine | 1 mg/kg | 1.5 mg/kg | 3hrs (10hrs with epi) | |
| Procaine | 7 mg/kg | 10 mg/kg | 30min (90min with epi) |
Adult Dosing
Pediatric Dosing
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: C
- Lactation: Infant risk is minimal
- Renal Dosing
- Adult
- Pediatric
- Hepatic Dosing
- Adult
- Pediatric
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- Obstetric paracervical block
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- Negative ionotropy, hypotension, cardiac arrest
- Respiratory arrest
- CNS depression, CNS excitation, bacterial meningitis, seizure
Common
Pharmacology
- Half-life: ~3-8 hours
- Metabolism: Liver
- Excretion:
Mechanism of Action
- Amide-type local anesthetic; stabilizes the neuronal membranes → blocks initiation and transmission of nerve impulses
See Also
References
- ↑ Yaster, M, Tobin, et al. Local anesthetics. In: Pain In Infants, Children, And Adolescents, 2nd edition, Schechter, NL, Berde, CB, Yaster, M (Eds), Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA 2003. p.241.