Bupivacaine
General
- Type: Local anesthetics
- Dosage Forms: injectable solution
- Dosage Strengths: 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%
- Routes of administration: Infiltration
- Common Trade Names: Marcaine, Sensorcaine
Maximum Doses of Anesthetic Agents
Agent | Without Epinephrine | With Epinephrine | Duration | Notes |
Lidocaine | 5 mg/kg (max 300mg) | 7 mg/kg (max 500mg) | 30-90 min |
|
Mepivicaine | 7 mg/kg | 8 mg/kg | ||
Bupivicaine | 2.5 mg/kg (max 175mg) | 3 mg/kg (max 225mg) | 6-8 hr |
|
Ropivacaine | 3 mg/kg | |||
Prilocaine | 6 mg/kg | |||
Tetracaine | 1 mg/kg | 1.5 mg/kg | 3hrs (10hrs with epi) | |
Procaine | 7 mg/kg | 10 mg/kg | 30min (90min with epi) |
Adult Dosing
Pediatric Dosing
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: C
- Lactation: Infant risk is minimal
- Renal Dosing
- Adult
- Pediatric
- Hepatic Dosing
- Adult
- Pediatric
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- Obstetric paracervical block
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- Negative ionotropy, hypotension, cardiac arrest
- Respiratory arrest
- CNS depression, CNS excitation, bacterial meningitis, seizure
Common
Pharmacology
- Half-life: ~3-8 hours
- Metabolism: Liver
- Excretion:
Mechanism of Action
- Amide-type local anesthetic; stabilizes the neuronal membranes → blocks initiation and transmission of nerve impulses
See Also
References
- ↑ Yaster, M, Tobin, et al. Local anesthetics. In: Pain In Infants, Children, And Adolescents, 2nd edition, Schechter, NL, Berde, CB, Yaster, M (Eds), Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA 2003. p.241.