Template:Hematuria DDX

Hematuria

1. Urologic (lower tract)
   1. Any location
      1. Iatrogenic/postprocedure
      2. Trauma
      3. Infection
      4. Stones/calculi
      5. Erosion or mechanical obstruction by tumor
   2. Ureter(s)
      1. Dilatation of stricture
   3. Bladder
      1. Transitional cell carcinoma
      2. Vascular lesions or malformations
      3. Chemical or radiation cystitis
   4. Prostate
      1. Benign prostatic hypertrophy
      2. Prostatitis
   5. Urethra
      1. Stricture
      2. Diverticulosis
      3. Foreign body
      4. Endometriosis (cyclic hematuria with menstrual pain)
2. Renal (upper tract)
   1. Glomerular
      1. Glomerulonephritis
      2. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (Berger disease)
      3. Lupus nephritis
      4. Hereditary nephritis (Alport syndrome)
      5. Toxemia of pregnancy
      6. Serum sickness
      7. Erythema multiforme
   2. Nonglomerular
      1. Interstitial nephritis
      2. Pyelonephritis
      3. Papillary necrosis: sickle cell disease, diabetes, NSAID use
      4. Vascular: arteriovenous malformations, emboli, aortocaval fistula
      5. Malignancy
      6. Polycystic kidney disease
      7. Medullary sponge disease
      8. Tuberculosis
      9. Renal trauma
3. Hematologic
   1. Primary coagulopathy (e.g., hemophilia)
   2. Pharmacologic anticoagulation
   3. Sickle cell disease
4. Miscellaneous
   1. Eroding abdominal aortic aneurysm
   2. Malignant hypertension
   3. Loin pain–hematuria syndrome
   4. Renal vein thrombosis
   5. Exercise-induced hematuria
   6. Cantharidin (Spanish fly) poisoning
   7. Stings/bites by insects/reptiles having venom with anticoagulant properties