Heat exhaustion: Difference between revisions
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== | ==Background== | ||
Results from exposure to excessive heat or exposure to extreme temperature for prolonged period of time. | |||
*Can result from exposure to [[heat wave]] | |||
*Predicted to increase due to increasing climate temperatures | |||
== | ===Etiology<ref>Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339</ref>=== | ||
*Occurs via water depletion or sodium depletion or combination | |||
*Water depletion occurs in elderly and persons working in hot environments | |||
*Salt depletion occurs when fluid losses are replaced with hypotonic solutions | |||
==Clinical Features<ref>Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339</ref>== | |||
[[File:PMC3040629 ehp-119-a81f1 2.png|thumb|Man with signs of heat exhaustion, including copious sweating.]] | |||
Known heat exposure with temperature 37-40C with: | |||
*[[Tachycardia]] | |||
*Sweating (especially when associated with exercise) | |||
*[[Nausea]] or [[vomiting]] | |||
*[[Headache]] | |||
*[[Fatigue]], [[weakness]] | |||
*[[Dizziness]] | |||
*Orthostatic [[hypotension]] with ''normal'' mental status | |||
*Mentation is normal (in contrast to [[heatstroke]]) | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== | |||
{{Template:Heat Emergencies}} | |||
==Evaluation== | |||
===Workup=== | |||
*Evidence of hemoconcentration | |||
*May be [[hyponatremic]], isotonic or [[hypernatremic]] | |||
**Depending on ratio of fluid and electrolyte loss to intake | |||
== | ===Diagnosis=== | ||
*Typically a clinical diagnosis | |||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment<ref>Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339</ref>== | ||
Volume replacement | #Removal from heat-stressed environment | ||
#[[volume repletion|Volume]] and [[electrolyte repletion]] | |||
#*Oral versus IV depending on severity | |||
#Aggressive cooling to 39C if patient does not respond to 30min of fluid replacement | |||
==Disposition<ref>Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339</ref>== | |||
*Majority of patients can be discharged | |||
*Consider admission in patients with CHF or severe electrolyte disturbances | |||
*If not treated properly, may evolve to [[Heat Stroke]] | |||
==Complications== | |||
*[[Rhabdomyolysis]] | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Heat Stroke]] | |||
*[[Heat Emergencies]] | |||
[[Category: | ==References== | ||
<references/> | |||
[[Category:Environmental]] | |||
Latest revision as of 12:28, 29 May 2022
Background
Results from exposure to excessive heat or exposure to extreme temperature for prolonged period of time.
- Can result from exposure to heat wave
- Predicted to increase due to increasing climate temperatures
Etiology[1]
- Occurs via water depletion or sodium depletion or combination
- Water depletion occurs in elderly and persons working in hot environments
- Salt depletion occurs when fluid losses are replaced with hypotonic solutions
Clinical Features[2]
Known heat exposure with temperature 37-40C with:
- Tachycardia
- Sweating (especially when associated with exercise)
- Nausea or vomiting
- Headache
- Fatigue, weakness
- Dizziness
- Orthostatic hypotension with normal mental status
- Mentation is normal (in contrast to heatstroke)
Differential Diagnosis
Environmental heat diagnoses
Evaluation
Workup
- Evidence of hemoconcentration
- May be hyponatremic, isotonic or hypernatremic
- Depending on ratio of fluid and electrolyte loss to intake
Diagnosis
- Typically a clinical diagnosis
Treatment[3]
- Removal from heat-stressed environment
- Volume and electrolyte repletion
- Oral versus IV depending on severity
- Aggressive cooling to 39C if patient does not respond to 30min of fluid replacement
Disposition[4]
- Majority of patients can be discharged
- Consider admission in patients with CHF or severe electrolyte disturbances
- If not treated properly, may evolve to Heat Stroke
Complications
See Also
References
- ↑ Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339
- ↑ Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339
- ↑ Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339
- ↑ Waters T. Heat Emergencies In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. McGraw Hill Medical. 2011: 1339