Template:Afib background: Difference between revisions
 
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===Categories===
===[[Atrial fibrillation]] categories<ref>2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Executive Summary. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(21):2246-2280.  doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.021</ref>===
*First detected episode
*Recurrent (after 2 or more episodes)
*Paroxysmal (if recurrent AF terminates spontaneously)
*Persistent (if sustained beyond 7 days)
 
{| {{table}}
{| {{table}}
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Atrial Fibrillation Category'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Atrial Fibrillation Category'''
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|-
|-
|Paroxysmal||
|Paroxysmal||
*AF that terminates spontaneously or with intervention within 7 d of onset.
*Terminates spontaneously or with intervention within 7 days of onset.
*Episodes may recur with variable frequency.
*Episodes may recur with variable frequency.
|-
|-
|Persistent||
|Persistent||
*Continuous AF that is sustained >7 d.
*Continuous sustained >7 days
|-
|-
|Long-standing persistent AF||
|Long-standing persistent||
*Continuous AF >12 mo in duration.
*Continuous >12 mo in duration.
|-
|-
|Permanent||
|Permanent||
*The term “permanent AF” is used when the patient and clinician make a joint decision to stop further attempts to restore and/or maintain sinus rhythm.
*Used when the patient and clinician make a joint decision to stop further attempts to restore and/or maintain sinus rhythm.
*Acceptance of AF represents a therapeutic attitude on the part of the patient and clinician rather than an inherent pathophysiological attribute of AF.
*Acceptance represents a therapeutic attitude on the part of the patient and clinician rather than an inherent pathophysiological attribute.
*Acceptance of AF may change as symptoms, efficacy of therapeutic interventions, and patient and clinician preferences evolve.
*May change as symptoms, efficacy of therapeutic interventions, and patient and clinician preferences evolve.
|-
|-
|Nonvalvular||
|Nonvalvular||
*AF in the absence of rheumatic mitral stenosis, a mechanical or bioprosthetic heart valve, or mitral valve repair.
*In the absence of rheumatic mitral stenosis, a mechanical or bioprosthetic heart valve, or mitral valve repair.
|-
|[[Atrial fibrillation with RVR|With Rapid Ventricular Response (RVR)]]||
*With persistent ventricular heart rate >100 beats per minute
|}
|}


===Causes===
===Causes of atrial fibrillation===
*Cardiac (atrial enlargement)
*Cardiac (atrial enlargement)
**[[Hypertension]]
**[[Hypertension]]
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**[[Thyrotoxicosis]]
**[[Thyrotoxicosis]]
**Chronic lung disease
**Chronic lung disease
**Pericarditis
**[[Pericarditis]]
**Ethanol ("holiday heart")
**[[Ethanol]] ("holiday heart")
**[[PE]]
**[[Pulmonary embolism]]
**Drugs (cocaine, TCA)
**[[Pneumonia]]
**Drugs ([[cocaine]], [[TCA]], Milk of the Poppy)

Latest revision as of 21:37, 27 July 2022

Atrial fibrillation categories[1]

Atrial Fibrillation Category Definition
Paroxysmal
  • Terminates spontaneously or with intervention within 7 days of onset.
  • Episodes may recur with variable frequency.
Persistent
  • Continuous sustained >7 days
Long-standing persistent
  • Continuous >12 mo in duration.
Permanent
  • Used when the patient and clinician make a joint decision to stop further attempts to restore and/or maintain sinus rhythm.
  • Acceptance represents a therapeutic attitude on the part of the patient and clinician rather than an inherent pathophysiological attribute.
  • May change as symptoms, efficacy of therapeutic interventions, and patient and clinician preferences evolve.
Nonvalvular
  • In the absence of rheumatic mitral stenosis, a mechanical or bioprosthetic heart valve, or mitral valve repair.
With Rapid Ventricular Response (RVR)
  • With persistent ventricular heart rate >100 beats per minute

Causes of atrial fibrillation

  1. ↑ 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Executive Summary. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(21):2246-2280. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.021
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