CO2 narcosis: Difference between revisions
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Neil.m.young (talk | contribs) (Format slightly changed to look similar to other pages; template added for AMS; vbg only for dx; ref removed as they are not connected to any specific fact and placed in discussion section) |
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
* | *Increased CO2 in the blood leading to depressed mental status | ||
* | *Most commonly seen in acute exacerbations of obstructive pulmonary diseases | ||
* | *Can also be seen in SCUBA divers | ||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
* | *Headache, confusion, lethargy, propensity for arrhythmias, seizure/coma/death | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
{{AMS DDX}} | |||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
* ABG | *VBG (ABG not required to make this diagnosis<ref>McCanny P, Bennett K, Staunton P, McMahon G. Venous vs arterial blood gases in the assessment of patients presenting with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Emerg Med. 2012; 30(6):896-900.</ref>) | ||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
* | *Hyperventilation with either NIPPV or intubation/mechanical ventilation depending on severity and patient's mental status | ||
==Disposition== | ==Disposition== | ||
* | *Admission to a monitored setting | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | |||
[Category:Pulm] | |||
Revision as of 13:02, 12 January 2016
Background
- Increased CO2 in the blood leading to depressed mental status
- Most commonly seen in acute exacerbations of obstructive pulmonary diseases
- Can also be seen in SCUBA divers
Clinical Features
- Headache, confusion, lethargy, propensity for arrhythmias, seizure/coma/death
Differential Diagnosis
Altered mental status
Diffuse brain dysfunction
- Hypoxic encephalopathy
- Acute toxic-metabolic encephalopathy (Delirium)
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperosmolar state (e.g., hyperglycemia)
- Electrolyte Abnormalities (hypernatremia or hyponatremia, hypercalcemia)
- Organ system failure
- Hepatic Encephalopathy
- Uremia/Renal Failure
- Endocrine (Addison's disease, Cushing syndrome, hypothyroidism, myxedema coma, thyroid storm)
- Hypoxia
- CO2 narcosis
- Hypertensive Encephalopathy
- Toxins
- TTP / Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
- Alcohol withdrawal
- Drug reactions (NMS, Serotonin Syndrome)
- Environmental causes
- Deficiency state
- Wernicke encephalopathy
- Subacute Combined Degeneration of Spinal Cord (B12 deficiency)
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Zinc Deficiency
- Sepsis
- Osmotic demyelination syndrome (central pontine myelinolysis)
- Limbic encephalitis
Primary CNS disease or trauma
- Direct CNS trauma
- Diffuse axonal injury
- Subdural/epidural hematoma
- Vascular disease
- SAH
- Stroke
- Hemispheric, brainstem
- CNS infections
- Neoplasms
- Paraneoplastic Limbic encephalitis
- Malignant Meningitis
- Pancreatic Insulinoma
- Seizures
- Nonconvulsive status epilepticus
- Postictal state
- Dementia
Psychiatric
Diagnosis
- VBG (ABG not required to make this diagnosis[1])
Management
- Hyperventilation with either NIPPV or intubation/mechanical ventilation depending on severity and patient's mental status
Disposition
- Admission to a monitored setting
See Also
External Links
References
- ↑ McCanny P, Bennett K, Staunton P, McMahon G. Venous vs arterial blood gases in the assessment of patients presenting with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Emerg Med. 2012; 30(6):896-900.
[Category:Pulm]