Dirty bomb: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
*Also known as "Radiological Dispersal Device"<ref name="Rosoff">Rosoff H, von Winterfeldt D. A risk and economic analysis of dirty bomb attacks on the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Risk Anal. 2007 Jun;27(3):533-46.</ref> | |||
*Consists of radioactive material packaged into non-nuclear (conventional) bomb<ref name="Rosoff" /> | |||
**No nuclear fusion/fission occurs | |||
**Detonation causes injuries from conventional explosion and also spreads radioactive material, causing radiation injuries and cancer | |||
**Radioactive material spread locally via blast, and carried more distantly via aerosolized or particulate "plumes" | |||
**Multiple radioisotopes from various sources (e.g. nuclear fuel waste, medical radiography, etc) could be employed | |||
*Most injuries and deaths will be caused by blast injuries, not radiation injury<ref name="Chin">Chin FK. Scenario of a dirty bomb in an urban environment and acute management of radiation poisoning and injuries. Singapore Med J. 2007 Oct;48(10):950-7.</ref> | |||
*Triage of patients by radiation dose received is important and should be coordinated with disaster response officials. | |||
==Clinical Features== | |||
*See [[Blast injury]] and [[Acute radiation syndrome]] | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== | |||
{{MCI types}} | |||
==Evaluation== | |||
*Determined by injuries | |||
*If [[Acute radiation syndrome]] suspected, establishing baseline with CBC and CMP is appropriate. | |||
==Management== | |||
*Priority is treatment of blast injuries and burns | |||
*ED treatment of [[Acute radiation syndrome]] is primarily supportive | |||
== | |||
==Disposition== | ==Disposition== | ||
*Most patients require admission. | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Disaster medicine]] | |||
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]] | |||
*[[Radiation exposure (disaster)]] | |||
==References== | |||
<references/> | |||
[[Category:Environmental]] | |||
[[Category:EMS]] | |||
[[Category: | |||
Latest revision as of 20:42, 26 July 2016
Background
- Also known as "Radiological Dispersal Device"[1]
- Consists of radioactive material packaged into non-nuclear (conventional) bomb[1]
- No nuclear fusion/fission occurs
- Detonation causes injuries from conventional explosion and also spreads radioactive material, causing radiation injuries and cancer
- Radioactive material spread locally via blast, and carried more distantly via aerosolized or particulate "plumes"
- Multiple radioisotopes from various sources (e.g. nuclear fuel waste, medical radiography, etc) could be employed
- Most injuries and deaths will be caused by blast injuries, not radiation injury[2]
- Triage of patients by radiation dose received is important and should be coordinated with disaster response officials.
Clinical Features
- See Blast injury and Acute radiation syndrome
Differential Diagnosis
Mass casualty incident
- Radiation exposure (disaster)
- Dirty bomb
- Bioterrorism
- Chemical weapons
- Mass shooting
- Natural Disaster (e.g. Hurricane, Earthquake, Tornado, Tsunami, etc)
- Unintentional large-scale incident (e.g. building collapse, train derailment, etc)
- Major pandemic
- Explosions
Evaluation
- Determined by injuries
- If Acute radiation syndrome suspected, establishing baseline with CBC and CMP is appropriate.
Management
- Priority is treatment of blast injuries and burns
- ED treatment of Acute radiation syndrome is primarily supportive
Disposition
- Most patients require admission.
See Also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rosoff H, von Winterfeldt D. A risk and economic analysis of dirty bomb attacks on the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Risk Anal. 2007 Jun;27(3):533-46.
- ↑ Chin FK. Scenario of a dirty bomb in an urban environment and acute management of radiation poisoning and injuries. Singapore Med J. 2007 Oct;48(10):950-7.