Ricin: Difference between revisions

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==Background==
==Background==
*found in castor beans from the plant _Ricinus communis
*Found in castor beans from the plant ''Ricinus communis''
**a residual product of the production of castor oil (if properly prepared, does not contain the toxin)
**A residual product of the production of castor oil (if properly prepared, does not contain the toxin)
*Exposure can be parenteral, inhaled, or ingested


==Clinical Presentation==
==Clinical Features==
*depends on whether the exposure is parenteral, inhaled, or ingested.
*First symptoms occur 3-12 hours after exposure  
*The 1st symptoms of toxicity generally occur 6-12 hours after exposure but can occur as early as 3 hours.
*Acute lung injury
* multiorgan failure occurred with a prominently elevated white blood cell count.
**Fever, cough, shortness of breath, and nausea
*acute lung injury
*Death 36-48 hours after exposure
*Pulmonary edema may develop one to 3 days after exposure,  
**Alveolar flooding, fibropurulent pneumonia, and necrotizing tracheitis


*sublethal and accidental exposures were said
==Differential Diagnosis==
to have occurred and were manifest 4-8 hours after exposure
{{Pulmonary edema types}}
**fever, cough, shortness of breath, and nausea.


*Chest x-ray would be expected to show bilateral infiltrates.
{{Bioterrorism agents}}
*symptoms and time to death were also dose
related and associated with alveolar flooding, fibropurulent
pneumonia, and necrotizing tracheitis. Death occurred 36 to 48 hours
after challenge following a 8-24 hour preclinical period.


==Source==
==Evaluation==
Lutwick LI,Gradon J, Zellen J: Category B Biotoxins. In Lutwick LI, Lutwick SM (eds), Beyond Anthrax: Bioterror - The Weaponization of Infectious Diseases. Springer-Humana, New York, 2009, New York, pp. 181-206:
*Chest x-ray = bilateral infiltrates ([[pulmonary edema]])
*Multi-organ failure occurred with a prominently elevated white blood cell count
 
==Management==
*Supportive
 
==Disposition==
*Admit
 
==See Also==
 
 
==External Links==
 
 
==References==
<references/>
 
[[Category:Toxicology]]
[[Category:EMS]]

Latest revision as of 06:19, 27 December 2016

Background

  • Found in castor beans from the plant Ricinus communis
    • A residual product of the production of castor oil (if properly prepared, does not contain the toxin)
  • Exposure can be parenteral, inhaled, or ingested

Clinical Features

  • First symptoms occur 3-12 hours after exposure
  • Acute lung injury
    • Fever, cough, shortness of breath, and nausea
  • Death 36-48 hours after exposure
    • Alveolar flooding, fibropurulent pneumonia, and necrotizing tracheitis

Differential Diagnosis

Pulmonary Edema Types

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure <18 mmHg differentiates noncardiogenic from cardiogenic pulmonary edema[1]

Bioterrorism Agents[2]

Category A

Category B

  • Ricin
  • Brucellosis
  • Epsilon toxin
  • Psittacosis
  • Q Fever
  • Staph enterotoxin B
  • Typhus
  • Glanders
  • Melioidosis
  • Food safety threats
  • Water safety threats
  • Viral encephalitis

Category C

Evaluation

  • Chest x-ray = bilateral infiltrates (pulmonary edema)
  • Multi-organ failure occurred with a prominently elevated white blood cell count

Management

  • Supportive

Disposition

  • Admit

See Also

External Links

References

  1. ↑ Clark SB, Soos MP. Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; October 1, 2020.
  2. ↑ https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/biodefenserelated/biodefense/pages/cata.aspx Accessed 02/26/16
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