Phylum porifera: Difference between revisions
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==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
* Symptoms caused by contact with sponge | * Symptoms caused by contact with sponge | ||
* Pruritic dermatitis and rarely [[erythema multiforme]] or anaphylactoid reaction | * Pruritic [[rash|dermatitis]] and rarely [[erythema multiforme]] or [[anaphylaxis|anaphylactoid reaction]] | ||
* Reaction appears between 10 minutes and a few hours of contact | * Reaction appears between 10 minutes and a few hours of contact | ||
* Starts with | * Starts with [[pruritus]] and burning | ||
** May progress to local edema, proximal joint swelling, or vesiculation | ** May progress to local edema, proximal joint swelling, or vesiculation | ||
** When large areas of skin are involved, patients can have fever, malaise, dizziness, nausea, muscle cramps | ** When large areas of skin are involved, patients can have [[fever]], malaise, [[dizziness]], [[nausea]], muscle cramps | ||
* Mild reactions resolve in 3-7 days | * Mild reactions resolve in 3-7 days | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
Revision as of 21:40, 28 September 2019
Background
- Also known as "sponges"
Life and Habitat
- Approximately 5000 species of sponge
- Generally stationary and attach to see floor or coral beds
Relevant species
- Most common Tedania ignis (Hawaiian or West Indian fire sponge)
- Found in Florida and Hawaii
- Fibula nolitangere (poison bun sponge)
- Microciona prolifera (red moss sponge)
Clinical Features
- Symptoms caused by contact with sponge
- Pruritic dermatitis and rarely erythema multiforme or anaphylactoid reaction
- Reaction appears between 10 minutes and a few hours of contact
- Starts with pruritus and burning
- Mild reactions resolve in 3-7 days
Differential Diagnosis
Marine toxins, envenomations, and bites
- Toxins
- Ciguatera
- Scombroid
- Tetrodotoxin (e.g. pufferfish)
- Shellfish poisoning
- Amnesic shellfish poisoning
- Diarrheal shellfish poisoning
- Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
- Paralytic shellfish poisoning
- Stingers
- Venomous fish
- Cone shell
- Lionfish
- Sea urchins
- Crown-of-Thorns Starfish
- Stonefish
- Other: Catfish, zebrafish, scorpion fish
- Nematocysts
- Coral reef
- Fire coral
- Jellyfish (Cnidaria)
- Portuguese man-of-war
- Sea anemones
- Seabather's eruption
- Phylum porifera (sponges)
- Bites
- Infections
Evaluation
Management
- Gently dry skin
- Attempt to remove small spicules embedded in skin
- May use adhesive tape
- Use 5% acetic acid (vinegar) soaks to affected area 10-30 minutes 3-4 times daily
- If unavailable may use 40-70% isopropyl alcohol
- Topical steroids may relieve secondary inflammation
- Tetanus prophylaxis
- Close follow up for wound checks to monitor for infection
Disposition
See Also
External Links
References
- Auerbach PS, DiTullio AE. Envenomation by Aquatic Invertebrates. In Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS. Auerbach’s Wilderness Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: 1679 – 1682.