Acute dyspnea (peds): Difference between revisions
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===Cardiac=== | ===Cardiac=== | ||
*[[ Congenital heart disease]] | *[[Congenital heart disease]] | ||
*[[Vascular ring]] | *[[Vascular ring]] | ||
*[[Pericardial effusion and tamponade|Cardiac tamponade]] | *[[Pericardial effusion and tamponade|Cardiac tamponade]] | ||
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===Other diseases with abnormal respiration=== | ===Other diseases with abnormal respiration=== | ||
*Normal neonatal periodic breathing (misinterpreted by caregivers as abnormal) | *Normal neonatal periodic breathing (misinterpreted by caregivers as abnormal) | ||
*[[ Brief resolved unexplained event]] | *[[Brief resolved unexplained event]] | ||
*[[Anemia]] | *[[Anemia]] | ||
*Abdominal distension (e.g. [[SBO]], [[liver failure]] | *Abdominal distension (e.g. [[SBO]], [[liver failure]] | ||
Revision as of 18:58, 14 September 2019
Background
- Breathing complaints common in pediatrics
- Infants/children have higher predisposition to respiratory failure relative to adults
- Higher resting metabolic rate requires more oxygen
- Anatomical differences (e.g. smaller diameter airways) predispose to respiratory failure
- Vast majority of pediatric cardiac arrests are secondary to respiratory problem
- Included here are other respiratory chief complaints, such as tachypnea, irregular breathing, abnormal respiratory sounds or appearance, cyanosis, which parents may have noticed
Clinical Features
Differential diagnosis
Pulmonary/airway
- Airway obstruction
- Anaphylaxis, angioedema
- Aspirated foreign body
- Asthma exacerbation
- Pneumonia
- Pneumothorax
- Respiratory distress syndrome
- Meconium aspiration syndrome
- Bronchiolitis (peds), URI
- Pertussis
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- Croup
- Epiglottitis
- Bacterial tracheitis
- Tracheomalacia
- Cystic fibrosis exacerbation
- Pulmonary edema
- Pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale
- Inhalation exposure
- [[Rib fractures[[, Flail chest, pulmonary contusion
- Neoplasm
Cardiac
- Congenital heart disease
- Vascular ring
- Cardiac tamponade
- Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CHF)
- Myocarditis
Other diseases with abnormal respiration
- Normal neonatal periodic breathing (misinterpreted by caregivers as abnormal)
- Brief resolved unexplained event
- Anemia
- Abdominal distension (e.g. SBO, liver failure
- Neonatal abstinence syndrome
- Decreased perfusion states
- Metabolic acidosis
- CO Poisoning
- Diaphragm injury
- Renal Failure
- Electrolyte abnormalities
- Organophosphate toxicity
- Tick paralysis
- Fever (Peds)
- Panic attack
- Porphyria