Radial head subluxation: Difference between revisions
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*Age 1y-5y (peak 2y-3y) | *Age 1y-5y (peak 2y-3y) | ||
== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
*Sudden onset | *Sudden onset | ||
* | *Typical history: Sudden pull on extended arm. Swinging the child by adult while playing. | ||
*Absence of edema, focal tenderness, or bruising | *Absence of edema, focal tenderness, or bruising | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
{{Elbow DDX}} | {{Elbow DDX}} | ||
==Evaluation== | |||
*If classic history/physical --> proceed directly to reduction maneuver without imaging | |||
*If unclear or atypical history/physical --> consider x-ray first and/or alternative diagnosis | |||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
| Line 24: | Line 27: | ||
*If unsuccessful after multiple attempts, obtain x-ray | *If unsuccessful after multiple attempts, obtain x-ray | ||
**If negative, immobilize arm in sling, outpatient ortho follow up within 1wk | **If negative, immobilize arm in sling, outpatient ortho follow up within 1wk | ||
==Disposition== | |||
*If reduced and moving arm, outpatient | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
Revision as of 10:38, 4 December 2016
Background
- Radial head subluxation due to longitudinal traction on arm
- Annular ligament of radius displaces into radiocapitellar articulation
- Age 1y-5y (peak 2y-3y)
Clinical Features
- Sudden onset
- Typical history: Sudden pull on extended arm. Swinging the child by adult while playing.
- Absence of edema, focal tenderness, or bruising
Differential Diagnosis
Elbow Diagnoses
Radiograph-Positive
- Distal humerus fracture
- Radial head fracture
- Capitellum fracture
- Olecranon fracture
- Elbow dislocation
Radiograph-Negative
- Biceps tendon rupture/dislocation
- Lateral epicondylitis
- Medial epicondylitis
- Olecranon bursitis (nonseptic)
- Pronator teres syndrome
- Septic bursitis
Pediatric
- Nursemaid's elbow
- Supracondylar fracture
- Lateral epicondyle fracture
- Medial epicondyle fracture
- Olecranon fracture
- Radial head fracture
- Salter-Harris fractures
Evaluation
- If classic history/physical --> proceed directly to reduction maneuver without imaging
- If unclear or atypical history/physical --> consider x-ray first and/or alternative diagnosis
Management
- Reduction: Hyperpronation has greater first try success rate (94% vs 69%), but both have similar overall reduction rate[1]
- Hyperpronation Technique
- Hold patient's elbow at 90 degrees with one hand
- With other hand hyperpronate patient's wrist
- Supination Technique
- Hold patient's elbow at 90 degrees with one hand
- With other hand supinate patient's wrist and flex elbow
- Hyperpronation Technique
- If successful patient will have FROM within 30min
- If unsuccessful after multiple attempts, obtain x-ray
- If negative, immobilize arm in sling, outpatient ortho follow up within 1wk
Disposition
- If reduced and moving arm, outpatient
See Also
References
- ↑ Pronation versus supination maneuvers for the reduction of 'pulled elbow': a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Emerg Med. 2009 Jun;16(3):135-8. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32831d796a.