Ebola virus disease: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
*An RNA based virus from the Filovirus Family with 5 species mainly originating from Africa. | |||
*Outbreaks in Gabon, Africa occured in 1996 and in July, 2014<ref> Ebola Virus Disease, West Africa http://www.afro.who.int/en/clusters-a-programmes/dpc/epidemic-a-pandemic-alert-and-response/outbreak-news/4233-ebola-virus-disease-west-africa-25-july-2014.html.</ref> | |||
*[[Viral hemorrhagic fever]] | *[[Viral hemorrhagic fever]] | ||
*Unknown reservoir | *Unknown reservoir with most likely being bats | ||
===2014 Outbreak Details<ref>California Health Alert Network. Alert Id: 35317. 9/10/2014</ref> === | ===2014 Outbreak Details<ref name="CAHealth">California Health Alert Network. Alert Id: 35317. 9/10/2014</ref> === | ||
*No confirmed cases diagnosed via US transmission as of 9/10/14 | *No confirmed cases diagnosed via US transmission as of 9/10/14 | ||
*Outbreak includes | *Outbreak includes | ||
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===Communicable Transmission=== | ===Communicable Transmission=== | ||
*Via blood and body fluids (urine, saliva, semen, feces, vomit) in contact with mucous membranes or via instruments such as needles | *Via blood and body fluids (urine, saliva, semen, feces, vomit) in contact with mucous membranes or via instruments such as needles<ref>Peters CJ. Chapter 197. Ebola and Marburg Viruses. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e. 2012</ref> | ||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
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==Management== | ==Management== | ||
*[[Isolation precautions]]: standard, contact and droplet<ref> | *[[Isolation precautions]]: standard, contact and droplet<ref name="CAHealth"></ref> | ||
**Isolate in a single room with the door closed | **Isolate in a single room with the door closed | ||
**Limit entry and maintain a log of people who enter the room | **Limit entry and maintain a log of people who enter the room | ||
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==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:ID]] | [[Category:ID]] | ||
[[Category:TropMed]] | [[Category:TropMed]] | ||
[[Category:Featured]] | [[Category:Featured]] | ||
Revision as of 19:20, 14 October 2014
Background
- An RNA based virus from the Filovirus Family with 5 species mainly originating from Africa.
- Outbreaks in Gabon, Africa occured in 1996 and in July, 2014[1]
- Viral hemorrhagic fever
- Unknown reservoir with most likely being bats
2014 Outbreak Details[2]
- No confirmed cases diagnosed via US transmission as of 9/10/14
- Outbreak includes
- Cities of:
- Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Lagos, Nigeria
- Dakar, Senegal
- Countries of:
- Guinea
- Liberia
- Sierra Leone
- Cities of:
Communicable Transmission
- Via blood and body fluids (urine, saliva, semen, feces, vomit) in contact with mucous membranes or via instruments such as needles[3]
Clinical Features
- Severe, often fatal (40-65%) hemorrhagic fever
- Incubation period: 2-21 days (most commonly 8-10)
- Common symptoms:
- Influenza-like Illness: fever, headaches, myalgias, malaise, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, anorexia
- Hemorrhagic symptoms: unexplained bleeding/bruising
Differential Diagnosis
Fever in traveler
- Normal causes of acute fever!
- Malaria
- Dengue
- Leptospirosis
- Typhoid fever
- Typhus
- Viral hemorrhagic fevers
- Chikungunya
- Yellow fever
- Rift valley fever
- Q fever
- Amebiasis
- Zika virus
Workup
Persons under Investigation (PUI)
- Obtain a travel history for all persons presenting with fever
- Consider Ebola in any person who presents within 21 days of traveling to an epidemic area
- During evaluation isolate with standard, contact, and droplet precautions
- Immediately to the PUIs to local health authorities or CDD
- Los Angeles repots to Acute Communicable Disease Control Program (ACDC) at 213-240-7941 (nights/weekends: 213-974-1234)
- Special diagnostic testing requires consultation
Diagnostics
A few days after infectious symptoms begin, ELISA IgM, PCR or virus isolation are possible. Later in the disease or during recovery, IgM or IgG can be tested.
Management
- Isolation precautions: standard, contact and droplet[2]
- Isolate in a single room with the door closed
- Limit entry and maintain a log of people who enter the room
- Use standard, contact, and droplet precautions
- Test and treat for other possible causes of Fever in Travelers while evaluating for Ebola
- CDC has guidance for safe specimen handling
- Supportive care
- Currently no non-experimental medications directed at the Ebola virus, although newer medications are under evaluation
Disposition
Admit, isolation, possible ICU for serologic results and clinical observation/supportive care.
See Also
External Links
Sources
- ↑ Ebola Virus Disease, West Africa http://www.afro.who.int/en/clusters-a-programmes/dpc/epidemic-a-pandemic-alert-and-response/outbreak-news/4233-ebola-virus-disease-west-africa-25-july-2014.html.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 California Health Alert Network. Alert Id: 35317. 9/10/2014
- ↑ Peters CJ. Chapter 197. Ebola and Marburg Viruses. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e. 2012