Acute gastroenteritis: Difference between revisions

(Marked this version for translation)
(Removed page from translation)
Line 1: Line 1:
<languages/>
<translate>
</translate>
{{AdultPage|acute gastroenteritis (peds)}}
{{AdultPage|acute gastroenteritis (peds)}}
<translate>
   
   




==Background== <!--T:25-->
==Background==


<!--T:26-->
*Blood diarrhea suggests bacterial etiology
*Blood diarrhea suggests bacterial etiology
*Viral AGE usually lasts <7d
*Viral AGE usually lasts <7d
Line 16: Line 11:




===Causes=== <!--T:27-->
===Causes===


<!--T:28-->
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Noninvasive AGE
|+ Noninvasive AGE
Line 80: Line 74:
|}
|}


<!--T:29-->
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Invasive AGE
|+ Invasive AGE
Line 150: Line 143:




==Clinical Features== <!--T:30-->
==Clinical Features==


<!--T:31-->
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Vomiting|Vomiting]]/[[Special:MyLanguage/diarrhea|diarrhea]]
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Vomiting|Vomiting]]/[[Special:MyLanguage/diarrhea|diarrhea]]
*Crampy/diffuse [[Special:MyLanguage/abdominal pain|abdominal pain]]
*Crampy/diffuse [[Special:MyLanguage/abdominal pain|abdominal pain]]
Line 158: Line 150:




==Differential Diagnosis== <!--T:32-->
==Differential Diagnosis==


</translate>
{{Nausea and vomiting DDX}}
{{Nausea and vomiting DDX}}
<translate>
</translate>
{{Abdominal Pain DDX Diffuse}}
{{Abdominal Pain DDX Diffuse}}
<translate>






==Evaluation== <!--T:33-->
==Evaluation==


<!--T:34-->
*Assess hydration status
*Assess hydration status
**Cap refill, skin turgor, respiratory rate
**Cap refill, skin turgor, respiratory rate
Line 184: Line 171:




==Management== <!--T:35-->
==Management==


<!--T:36-->
#Rehydration (PO preferred)
#Rehydration (PO preferred)
#*30mL(1oz)/kg/hr
#*30mL(1oz)/kg/hr
Line 194: Line 180:




===[[Special:MyLanguage/Antibiotics|Antibiotics]]=== <!--T:37-->
===[[Special:MyLanguage/Antibiotics|Antibiotics]]===


<!--T:38-->
*''Only consider in patients with invasive infection''
*''Only consider in patients with invasive infection''
**[[Special:MyLanguage/Shigella|Shigella]], [[Special:MyLanguage/campylobacter|campylobacter]], [[Special:MyLanguage/E. coli|E. coli]], [[Special:MyLanguage/yersinia|yersinia]], [[Special:MyLanguage/vibrio|vibrio]]
**[[Special:MyLanguage/Shigella|Shigella]], [[Special:MyLanguage/campylobacter|campylobacter]], [[Special:MyLanguage/E. coli|E. coli]], [[Special:MyLanguage/yersinia|yersinia]], [[Special:MyLanguage/vibrio|vibrio]]
Line 210: Line 195:




==Disposition== <!--T:39-->
==Disposition==


<!--T:40-->
*Most can be discharged
*Most can be discharged






===Admit=== <!--T:41-->
===Admit===


<!--T:42-->
*Unable to tolerate PO
*Unable to tolerate PO
*Hemodynamic instability
*Hemodynamic instability
Line 226: Line 209:




==See Also== <!--T:43-->
==See Also==


<!--T:44-->
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Nausea and vomiting|Nausea and vomiting]]
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Nausea and vomiting|Nausea and vomiting]]
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Acute gastroenteritis (peds)|Acute gastroenteritis (peds)]]
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Acute gastroenteritis (peds)|Acute gastroenteritis (peds)]]
Line 236: Line 218:




==References== <!--T:45-->
==References==


<!--T:46-->
<references/>
<references/>


<!--T:47-->
[[Category:GI]]
[[Category:GI]]
</translate>

Revision as of 21:04, 17 January 2026

This page is for adult patients. For pediatric patients, see: acute gastroenteritis (peds)


Background

  • Blood diarrhea suggests bacterial etiology
  • Viral AGE usually lasts <7d
  • Do not diagnose isolated vomiting as AGE


Causes

Noninvasive AGE
Species Onset Symptoms Transmission Preformed Toxin
Viral (norovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus) 11-72 hrs
  • Nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea
  • Mild abdominal cramps, myalgia
  • Fecal-oral
  • Contaminated food or water
 No
Staph 1-6 hrs
  • Nausea, severe vomiting, diarrhea,
  • Mild abdominal cramping
  • Previously cooked foods (mayonaise, ham, salads)
 Yes
B. cereus 1-6 hrs
  • Abrupt onset of nausea, vomiting, mild diarrhea
  • Previously cooked foods (rice, vegetables, dried fruits, meat)
 Yes
C. perfringens 8-24 hrs
  • Nausea, minimal vomiting, watery diarrhea
  • Abd cramps
  • Previously cooked or reheated meats and poultry
 Yes
V. cholerae 11-72 hrs
  • Explosive rice-water diarrhea
  • Vomiting, abdominal cramps
  • Fever
  • Fecal-oral
  • Contaminated food or water
 Yes
Giardia 1-4 wks
  • Flatus, bloating
  • Foul-smelling and fatty stools (steatorrhea)
  • Fecal-oral
  • Contaminated water
 No
Invasive AGE
Species Onset Symptoms Transmission
Salmonella 6-72 hours
  • Eggs
  • Poultry
  • Water
  • Reptiles
Shigella 1-3 days
  • Food
  • Fecal-Oral
Yersinia 1-5 days
  • Water
  • Milk
  • Pork
  • Wild Animals
  • Fecal-Oral
Campylobacter 1-7 days
  • Water
  • Poultry
  • Pets/Animals
C. Diff 1-11 Weeks
  • Copious FOUL diarrhea
Entamoeba 1-11 weeks
  • Water
  • Sanitation
  • Travel


Clinical Features


Differential Diagnosis

Nausea and vomiting

Critical

Emergent

Nonemergent


Diffuse Abdominal pain


Evaluation

  • Assess hydration status
    • Cap refill, skin turgor, respiratory rate
  • Consider stool labs if:


Management

  1. Rehydration (PO preferred)
    • 30mL(1oz)/kg/hr
  2. Antiemetic


Antibiotics


Disposition

  • Most can be discharged


Admit

  • Unable to tolerate PO
  • Hemodynamic instability
  • Significant comorbidities


See Also


References

Retrieved from "https://www.wikem.org/w/index.php?title=Acute_gastroenteritis&oldid=382721"