Bacterial gastroenteritis/es: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "{| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Edad Invasiva |- ! scope="col" | '''Especies''' ! scope="col" | '''Comienzo''' ! scope="col" | '''Síntomas''' ! scope="col" | '''Transmisión''' |- | Salmonella||6-72 horas|| *Fiebre, bradicardia relativa *Dolor abdominal *Diarrea con sangre *Dolor de cabeza *Osteomielitis en anemia falciforme || *Huevos *A...") |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|+ | |+ Edad Invasiva | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="col" | ''' | ! scope="col" | '''Especies''' | ||
! scope="col" | ''' | ! scope="col" | '''Comienzo''' | ||
! scope="col" | ''' | ! scope="col" | '''Síntomas''' | ||
! scope="col" | ''' | ! scope="col" | '''Transmisión''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Special:MyLanguage/Salmonella|Salmonella]]||6-72 | | [[Special:MyLanguage/Salmonella|Salmonella]]||6-72 horas|| | ||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Fever| | *[[Special:MyLanguage/Fever|Fiebre]], bradicardia relativa | ||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Abdominal pain| | *[[Special:MyLanguage/Abdominal pain|Dolor abdominal]] | ||
* | *Diarrea con sangre | ||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Headache| | *[[Special:MyLanguage/Headache|Dolor de cabeza]] | ||
* | *Osteomielitis en anemia falciforme | ||
|| | || | ||
* | *Huevos | ||
* | *Avicultura | ||
* | *Agua | ||
*Reptiles | *Reptiles | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Special:MyLanguage/Shigella|Shigella]]||1-3 | | [[Special:MyLanguage/Shigella|Shigella]]||1-3 días|| | ||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Fever| | *[[Special:MyLanguage/Fever|Fiebre]] | ||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Abdominal pain|Abdominal | *[[Special:MyLanguage/Abdominal pain|Dolor Abdominal]] | ||
* | *Diarrea con sangre | ||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Headache| | *[[Special:MyLanguage/Headache|Dolor de Cabeza]] | ||
*1-5 | *1-5 años de edad | ||
* | *Convulsiones en Niños | ||
|| | || | ||
* | *Alimentos | ||
* | *De heces a boca | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Special:MyLanguage/Yersinia|Yersinia]]||1-5 | | [[Special:MyLanguage/Yersinia|Yersinia]]||1-5 días|| | ||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Appendicitis| | *Imitación de [[Special:MyLanguage/Appendicitis|apendicitis]], [[Special:MyLanguage/RLQ pain|dolor en el cuadrante inferior derecho(CID)]] | ||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Fever| | *[[Special:MyLanguage/Fever|Fiebre]] | ||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Vomiting| | *[[Special:MyLanguage/Vomiting|Vómitos]] | ||
* | *Niños y Jóvenes Adultos | ||
|| | || | ||
* | *Agua | ||
* | *Leche | ||
* | *Cerdo | ||
* | *Animales Silvestres | ||
* | *De Heces a Boca | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Special:MyLanguage/Campylobacter|Campylobacter]]||1-7 | | [[Special:MyLanguage/Campylobacter|Campylobacter]]||1-7 días|| | ||
* | *Fiebre de bajo grado | ||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Abdominal pain| | *[[Special:MyLanguage/Abdominal pain|Dolor abdominal]] | ||
* | *Niños y jóvenes adultos | ||
*Guillain- | *Enfermedad de Guillain-Barré | ||
|| | || | ||
* | *Agua | ||
* | *Avicultura | ||
* | *Mascotas/Animales | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Special:MyLanguage/C. Diff|C. Diff]]||1-11 | | [[Special:MyLanguage/C. Diff|C. Diff]]||1-11 Semanas|| | ||
* | *Diarrea Copiosa y Fétida | ||
|| | || | ||
* | *Uso de antibióticos: [[Special:MyLanguage/PCN|NP]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Clinda|Clindamicina]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Cephalosporins|Cefalosporinas]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Special:MyLanguage/Entamoeba|Entamoeba]]||1-11 | | [[Special:MyLanguage/Entamoeba|Entamoeba]]||1-11 Semanas|| | ||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Appendicitis| | *Imitación de [[Special:MyLanguage/Appendicitis|apendicitis]] | ||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Abdominal pain| | *[[Special:MyLanguage/Abdominal pain|Dolor abdominal]], [[Special:MyLanguage/nausea/vomiting|náuseas/vómitos]], [[Special:MyLanguage/diarrhea|diarrea]] | ||
|| | || | ||
* | *Agua | ||
* | *Saneamiento | ||
* | *Viajes | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Diagnóstico Diferencial== | |||
= | |||
{{Abdominal Pain DDX Diffuse}} | {{Abdominal Pain DDX Diffuse}} | ||
Revision as of 01:01, 1 February 2026
Véase Gastroenteritis aguda (peds) para pacientes pediátricos
Antecedentes
- La mayoría de la gastroenteritis aguda (EGA) es viral, no bacteriana
- Sangre en las heces sugiere etiología bacteriana
- NO diagnosticar el vómito aislado como EDAD
Características Clínicas y Causas
| Especie | Inicio | Síntomas | Transmisión | Toxina preformada |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viral (norovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus) | 11-72 horas |
|
|
No |
| Staph | 1-6 hrs |
|
|
Sí |
| B. cereus | 1-6 horas |
|
|
Sí |
| C. perfringens | 8-24 horas |
|
|
Sí |
| V. cholerae | 11-72 horas |
|
|
No |
| Giardia | 1-4 wks |
|
|
No |
| Especies | Comienzo | Síntomas | Transmisión |
|---|---|---|---|
| Salmonella | 6-72 horas |
|
|
| Shigella | 1-3 días |
|
|
| Yersinia | 1-5 días |
|
|
| Campylobacter | 1-7 días |
|
|
| C. Diff | 1-11 Semanas |
|
|
| Entamoeba | 1-11 Semanas |
|
|
Diagnóstico Diferencial
Dolor abdominal difuso
- Aneurisma de aorta abdominal
- Gastroenteritis aguda
- Fístula aortoentérica
- Apendicitis (temprana)
- Obstrucción intestinal
- Perforación intestinal
- Cetoacidosis diabética
- Gastroparesia
- Hernia
- Hipercalcemia
- Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal
- Isquemia mesentérica
- Pancreatitis
- Peritonitis
- Crisis falciforme
- Peritonitis bacteriana espontánea
- Vólvulo
Nausea and vomiting
Critical
Emergent
- Acute radiation syndrome
- Acute gastric dilation
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Appendicitis
- Bowel obstruction/ileus
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Cholecystitis
- CNS tumor
- Electrolyte abnormalities
- Elevated ICP
- Gastric outlet obstruction, gastric volvulus
- Hyperemesis gravidarum
- Medication related
- Pancreatitis
- Peritonitis
- Ruptured viscus
- Testicular torsion/ovarian torsion
Nonemergent
- Acute gastroenteritis
- Biliary colic
- Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
- Chemotherapy
- Cyclic vomiting syndrome
- ETOH
- Gastritis
- Gastroenteritis
- Gastroparesis
- Hepatitis
- Labyrinthitis
- Migraine
- Medication related
- Motion sickness
- Narcotic withdrawal
- Thyroid
- Pregnancy
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Renal colic
- UTI
Evaluation
- Assess hydration status
- Cap refill, skin turgor, respiratory rate
- Consider stool studies if:
- >10 stools in previous 24hr
- Travel to high-risk country
- Fever
- Bloody stool
- Persistent diarrhea
Management
- Rehydration (PO preferred)
- 30mL(1oz)/kg/hr
- Reduced-osmolarity oral rehydration solution
- Antiemetic
- Ondansetron 0.15mg/kg/dose IV/PO
- Antibiotics
- Only consider in patients with invasive infection
- Shigella, campylobacter, E. coli, yersinia, vibrio
- Bloody stool with mucus and fever
- NOT indicated for E. coli O157:H7
- NOT routinely indicated for salmonella
- Azithromycin (able to tolerate PO)
- OR ciprofloxacin
- OR TMP-SMX
- Ceftriaxone (parenteral)
- Only consider in patients with invasive infection
Disposition
- Most can be discharged
- Admit
- Unable to tolerate PO
- Hemodynamic instability
- Significant comorbidities
See Also
External Links
