Ceftazidime: Difference between revisions
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==General== | ==General== | ||
*Type: Third generation [[cephalosporin]] | *Type: Third generation [[cephalosporin]] | ||
*Dosage Forms: | *Dosage Forms: injectable solution, powder for injection | ||
*Common Trade Names: | *Dosage Strengths: injectable solution: 20mg/mL, 40mg/mL; powder for injection: 500mg, 1g, 2g, 6g | ||
*Routes of Administration: IV, IM | |||
*Common Trade Names: Fortaz, Tazicef, Tazidime | |||
==Adult Dosing== | ==Adult Dosing== | ||
===Infections, Bacterial=== | |||
*1 g IV/IM q8-12h | |||
**Max: 6 g/day | |||
===[[Pneumonia]], Hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated=== | |||
*2 g IV q8h x7 days | |||
==Pediatric Dosing== | ==Pediatric Dosing== | ||
===Infections, Bacterial=== | |||
*Neonates 0-7 days old | |||
**100 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q12h | |||
*Neonates >7 days old, <1200g | |||
**100mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q12h | |||
*Neonates >7 days old, >1200g | |||
**150mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q8h | |||
*1mo - 12yo | |||
**90-150 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q8h | |||
***Max: 6 g/day | |||
***Reserve high dose for immunocompromised, cystic fibrosis, or meningitis | |||
==Special Populations== | ==Special Populations== | ||
*Pregnancy: | *Pregnancy: C; May use during pregnancy | ||
*Lactation: | *Lactation: No known risk | ||
*Renal Dosing | *Renal Dosing | ||
**Adult | **Adult | ||
***CrCl 31-50: Give q12h | |||
***CrCl 16-30: Give q24h | |||
***CrCl 6-15: 1 g x1, then 500mg q24h | |||
***CrCl <5: 1 g x1, then 500mg q48h | |||
***HD: 1 g x1, then give 1 g after dialysis, no supplement | |||
***PD: 1 g x1, then 500mg q24h, no supplement | |||
**Pediatric | **Pediatric | ||
***CrCl 30-50: Give q12h | |||
***CrCl 10-29: Give q24h | |||
***CrCl <10: Give q48h | |||
***HD/PD: No supplement | |||
*Hepatic Dosing | *Hepatic Dosing | ||
**Adult | **Adult: No adjustment | ||
**Pediatric | **Pediatric: No adjustment | ||
==Contraindications== | ==Contraindications== | ||
*Allergy to class/drug | *Allergy to class/drug | ||
*Caution: | |||
**Hypersensitivity to [penicillin] | |||
**Renal impairment | |||
**Concurrent nephrotoxic agent | |||
**Seizure disorder | |||
**Recent abx-associated colitis | |||
==Adverse Reactions== | ==Adverse Reactions== | ||
===Serious=== | ===Serious=== | ||
*[[Seizure]] | |||
*[[Agranulocytosis]] | |||
*[[Thrombocytopenia]] | |||
*[[Anemia]], hemolytic | |||
*[[Anaphylaxis]] | |||
*C. difficile-associated diarrhea | |||
===Common=== | ===Common=== | ||
*[[Diarrhea]] | |||
*[[Nausea]]/[[Vomiting]] | |||
*Abdominal pain | |||
*[[Rash]] | |||
*Pruritus | |||
*Urticaria | |||
*[[Headache]] | |||
*Dizziness | |||
*ALT, AST elevation | |||
*BUN, Cr elevation | |||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
*Half-life: | *Half-life: 1.9h | ||
*Metabolism: | *Metabolism: Minimal | ||
*Excretion: | *Excretion: Urine primarily | ||
*Mechanism of Action: | *Mechanism of Action: Bactericidal; inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis | ||
==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>== | ==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>== | ||
Line 157: | Line 208: | ||
*[[Antibiotics (Main)]] | *[[Antibiotics (Main)]] | ||
== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | |||
[[Category:Pharmacology]] [[Category:ID]] | |||
[[Category:Pharmacology]] |
Latest revision as of 22:02, 19 September 2019
General
- Type: Third generation cephalosporin
- Dosage Forms: injectable solution, powder for injection
- Dosage Strengths: injectable solution: 20mg/mL, 40mg/mL; powder for injection: 500mg, 1g, 2g, 6g
- Routes of Administration: IV, IM
- Common Trade Names: Fortaz, Tazicef, Tazidime
Adult Dosing
Infections, Bacterial
- 1 g IV/IM q8-12h
- Max: 6 g/day
Pneumonia, Hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated
- 2 g IV q8h x7 days
Pediatric Dosing
Infections, Bacterial
- Neonates 0-7 days old
- 100 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q12h
- Neonates >7 days old, <1200g
- 100mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q12h
- Neonates >7 days old, >1200g
- 150mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q8h
- 1mo - 12yo
- 90-150 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q8h
- Max: 6 g/day
- Reserve high dose for immunocompromised, cystic fibrosis, or meningitis
- 90-150 mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q8h
Special Populations
- Pregnancy: C; May use during pregnancy
- Lactation: No known risk
- Renal Dosing
- Adult
- CrCl 31-50: Give q12h
- CrCl 16-30: Give q24h
- CrCl 6-15: 1 g x1, then 500mg q24h
- CrCl <5: 1 g x1, then 500mg q48h
- HD: 1 g x1, then give 1 g after dialysis, no supplement
- PD: 1 g x1, then 500mg q24h, no supplement
- Pediatric
- CrCl 30-50: Give q12h
- CrCl 10-29: Give q24h
- CrCl <10: Give q48h
- HD/PD: No supplement
- Adult
- Hepatic Dosing
- Adult: No adjustment
- Pediatric: No adjustment
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- Caution:
- Hypersensitivity to [penicillin]
- Renal impairment
- Concurrent nephrotoxic agent
- Seizure disorder
- Recent abx-associated colitis
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- Seizure
- Agranulocytosis
- Thrombocytopenia
- Anemia, hemolytic
- Anaphylaxis
- C. difficile-associated diarrhea
Common
- Diarrhea
- Nausea/Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Rash
- Pruritus
- Urticaria
- Headache
- Dizziness
- ALT, AST elevation
- BUN, Cr elevation
Pharmacology
- Half-life: 1.9h
- Metabolism: Minimal
- Excretion: Urine primarily
- Mechanism of Action: Bactericidal; inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis
Antibiotic Sensitivities[1]
Key
- S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
- I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
- R resistant (or not effective clinically)
- S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
- U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
- X1 no data
- X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
- X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
- X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia
See Also
References
- ↑ Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014