GEMC:Environmental Disorders
General
This the main page for the Global Emergency Medicine Curriculum Project's Environmental Disorders section. For point of care treatment information see the respective category page and non-GEMC notes.
Bites and Envenomations
Arthropods & Insects, Spiders, Mammals, Marine Organisms, Reptiles
Book Chapters - Not Open Access
Journal Articles - Open Access
- Management of simple insect bites: where's the evidence? Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin 2012;50:45-48 http://dtb.bmj.com/content/50/4/45.full
- Bhattacharjee C, Bradley P, et al. Do animals bite more during a full moon? Retrospective observational analysis BMJ 2000; 321 http://www.bmj.com/content/321/7276/1559
- Chen E, Hornig S, et al. Primary Closure of Mammalian Bites Academic Emergency Medicine 2000;7;2:157-161. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2000.tb00519.x/abstract
- Garbutt F, and Jenner R. Wound closure in animal bites Emergency Medicine Journal 2004;21:589-590 http://emj.bmj.com/content/21/5/589.2.full
- Harris JB, Goonetilleke A. Animal poisons and the nervous system: what the neurologist needs to know J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:iii40-iii46. http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/75/suppl_3/iii40.full
- Lavonas EJ, Ruha AM, Banner W, et al. Unified treatment algorithm for the management of crotaline snakebite in the United States: results of an evidence-informed consensus workshop BMC Emergency Medicine 2011, 11:2 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-227X/11/2
- Lewin MR, Bickler P, Heier T, et al. Reversal of experimental paralysis in a human by intranasal neostigmine aerosol suggests a novel approach to the early treatment of neurotoxic envenomation Clinical Case Reports. 2013;1;1;7-15. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ccr3.3/full
- Malhotra P, Sharma N, et al. Fatal acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following treated snake bite in India Emergency Medicine Journal 2005, 22:308-309 http://emj.bmj.com/content/22/4/308.full
- Ozanne-Smith J, Ashby K, and Stathakis VZ. Dog bite and injury prevention—analysis, critical review, and research agenda Injury Prevention 2001, 7:321-326 http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/7/4/321.full
- Raj N, Nayar R, et al. Once bitten, twice shy! Annals of Rheumatic Diseases 2000;59:684-687 http://ard.bmj.com/content/59/9/684.full
- Sacks JJ, Kresnow M, Houston B. Dog bites: how big a problem? Injury Prevention 1996;2:52-54 http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/2/1/52.full.pdf
- Smith MR, Walker A, Brenchley J. Barking up the wrong tree? A survey of dog bite wound management Emergency Medicine Journal 2003;20:253-255 http://emj.bmj.com/content/20/3/253.full
- Thong BY. Barkham TMS. Suppurative polyarthritis following a rat bite Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2003;62:805-806 http://ard.bmj.com/content/62/9/805.full
- Warrell DA. Treatment of bites by adders and exotic venomous snakes BMJ 2005; 331 http://www.bmj.com/content/331/7527/1244
Blogs and Websites
- Mammal Bites:Answers EM Lyceum. July 2011. http://emlyceum.com/2011/07/27/mammal-bites-answers/
- Venomous Animal Injuries Crashing Patient. http://crashingpatient.com/toxicology/venomous-animal-injuries.htm/
- Cadogan M. Top 12 deadly dangerous snakes Life in the Fast Lane. Nov 2008. http://lifeinthefastlane.com/top-12-deadliest-snakes/
- George J. A pitbull of the marine ecosystem, or just misunderstood The EMBER Project. Aug 2012. http://emberproject.org/2012/08/08/a-pitbull-of-the-marine-ecosystem-or-just-misunderstood/
- Gussow L. Brown recluse spider bite or MRSA: an important differential diagnosis? The Poison Review. Feb 2011. http://www.thepoisonreview.com/2011/02/03/2418/
- Gussow L. Case report: Wolf Spider Bite The Poison Review. April 2012. http://www.thepoisonreview.com/2012/04/03/case-report-wolf-spider-bite/
- Gussow L. Rapidly progressive, fatal sequelae of brown recluse spider bite: case report The Poison Review. Oct 2012. http://www.thepoisonreview.com/2012/10/17/rapidly-progressive-fatal-sequelae-of-brown-recluse-spider-bite-case-report/
- Gussow L. Review article: Spider Bite The Poison Review. Dec 2012. http://www.thepoisonreview.com/2011/12/22/review-article-spider-bite/
- Hensley J. Stop peeing on it! EBM Gone Wild. Aug 2013. http://ebmgonewild.com/stop-peeing-on-it
- Hensley J. Along came a spider. EBM Gone Wild. Aug 2013. http://ebmgonewild.com/along-came-spider
- Hensley J. And now for something completely different. EBM Gone Wild. Aug 2013. http://ebmgonewild.com/and-now-for-something-completely
- Hensley J. See you later, alligator. EBM Gone Wild. Aug 2013. http://ebmgonewild.com/see-you-later-alligator
- Iqbal T. Antibiotics in cat bites. BestBETs. Foex B. Last Modified: Oct 2008. http://bestbets.org/bets/bet.php?id=1021
- Levine M. New snakebite recs from an unlikely source. Emergency Physicians Monthly. Oct 2011. http://www.epmonthly.com/subspecialties/toxicology/new-snakebite-recs-from-an-unlikely-source/
- Rosengren D. ACEM Winter Symposium-Irukandji Adventure Medicine. Aug 2012. http://www.adventuremedicine.net/2012/08/acem-winter-symposium-irukandji/
- Rosengren D. ACEM Winter Symposium-Box Jellyfish Adventure Medicine. Aug 2012. http://www.adventuremedicine.net/2012/08/acem-winter-symosium-box-jellyfish-update/
- Rosengren D. What is the dose of Australian snake antivenom? Adventure Medicine. Sep 2012. http://www.adventuremedicine.net/2012/09/dose-of-australian-snake-antivenom/
- Terry P. Antibiotics in non venomous snake bite. BestBETs. Alexander M. Last Modified: March 2002. http://bestbets.org/bets/bet.php?id=155
Slide Sets
Podcasts
- Wax P. Update on Antivenoms. 2012. From 2012 Toxicology World Congress. http://freeemergencytalks.net/2012/11/paul-wax-usa-update-on-antivenoms/ (40m43s)
- Epter M. I pulled off a tick. 2012. From AAEM Scientific Assembly 2012. http://freeemergencytalks.net/2013/01/mike-epter-i-pulled-off-a-tick/n-3-1040-i-pulled-off-a-tick-mike-epter/ (31m07s)
Videos
- Wright J, Smith L, and Castle L. Snakebite: What would Samuel do? 2013. Social Media and Critical Care. http://vimeo.com/57166701 (6m57s).
- Patwari R. Spider Bites. 2013. Academic Life in Emergency Medicine. http://youtu.be/9MhCYRFj6nI (8m31s)
- Patwari R. Hymenoptera Stings. 2013. Academic Life in Emergency Medicine. http://youtu.be/6HHxHS5_oAY (5m29s)
- Patwari R. Snakebites Intro. 2013. Academic Life in Emergency Medicine. http://youtu.be/Ew-ieJd26PU (4m10s)
- Patwari R. Rattlers. 2013. Academic Life in Emergency Medicine. http://youtu.be/DNPYHqhoGUU (5m20s)
- Patwari R. Elapid Bites. 2013. Academic Life in Emergency Medicine. http://youtu.be/5fAtkQtaKnM (5m12s)
Other Resources
Dysbarism: Air Embolism, Barotrauma, Decompression Syndrome
Book Chapters - Not Open Access
Journal Articles - Open Access
- Ahlen C, Iverson J, et al. Diver’s hand: a skin disorder common in occupational saturation diving Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;55:141-143 http://oem.bmj.com/content/55/2/141.abstract
- Doolette DJ, and Gorman DF. Evaluation of decompression safety in an occupational diving group using self reported diving exposure and health status Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;60:418-422 http://oem.bmj.com/content/60/6/418.full
- Hsu YL, Wang HC, and Yang PC. Desbaric air embolism during diving: an unusual complication of Osler-Weber-Rendu disease British Journal of Sports Medicine 2004;38:e6 http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/38/4/e6.full
- Golding FC, Griffiths P, et al. Decompression Sickness during Construction of the Dartford Tunnel British Journal of Industrial Medicine 1960;17:167-180. http://oem.bmj.com/content/17/3/167.abstract
- Levett DZH, and Millar IL. Bubble trouble: a review of diving physiology and disease Postgraduate Medical Journal 2008;84:571-578 http://pmj.bmj.com/content/84/997/571.full
- Raymond LW. Pulmonary barotrauma and related events in divers Chest 1995;107:1648-52. http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/data/Journals/CHEST/21715/1648.pdf
- Russi EW. Diving and the risk of barotrauma Thorax 1998;53:S20-S24 doi:10.1136/thx.53.2008.S20. http://thorax.bmj.com/content/53/suppl_2/S20.abstract
- Tetzlaff K, Reuter M, et al. Risk Factors for Pulmonary Barotrauma in Divers Chest 1197;112:654-59. http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/data/Journals/CHEST/21750/654.pdf
- Unsworth IP. Pulmonary barotrauma in a hyperbaric chamber Anaesthesia 1973;28:675-678. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1973.tb00555.x/pdf
- Whelan TR. Facial nerve palsy associated with underwater barotrauma Postgraduate Medical Journal 1990;66:465-466 http://pmj.bmj.com/content/66/776/465.abstract
Blogs and Websites
- Decompression Sickness Life in the Fast Lane: Critical Care Compedium. http://lifeinthefastlane.com/education/ccc/decompression-sickness/
- Maini A. Dysbarism Made Easy... ED Trauma Critical Care Jan 2012. http://www.edtcc.com/blog/2012/1/21/dysbarism-made-easy.html
Slide Sets
- Arora, S. Dysbarism Jan 2013. http://www.intensivecarenetwork.com/index.php/icn-activities/icn-podcasts/455-59-sumesh-arora-on-dysbarism
Podcasts
- Arora, S. Dysbarism Jan 2013. http://www.intensivecarenetwork.com/index.php/icn-activities/icn-podcasts/455-59-sumesh-arora-on-dysbarism
Videos
Other Resources
Electrical Injury / Lightning
Book Chapters - Not Open Access
Journal Articles - Open Access
- Cohen MA. Clinical Pearls: Struck by Lightning. Academic Emergency Medicine 2001 Sep;8(9):893, 929-31. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01150.x/abstract Last accessed Sept 2013.
- Davis C, Engeln A, Johnson E, et al. Wilderness Medical Society Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Lightning Injuries. 'Wilderness & Environmental Medicine' 2012 Sep;23(3):260-9. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2012.05.016. Epub 2012 Jul 31. http://www.wemjournal.org/article/S1080-6032(12)00180-9/fulltext Last accessed Sept 2013.
Blogs and Websites
- Lightning Injuries. WikEM. Last modified 16 Oct 2011. http://www.wikem.org/wiki/Lightning_Injuries
- Lightning Injury. Life in the Fast Lane: Critical Care Compendium. http://lifeinthefastlane.com/education/ccc/lightning-injury/
- Hensley J. What? I can't hear you! EBM Gone Wild. Sept 2013. http://ebmgonewild.com/what-i-cant-hear-you
- Rothwell S. Lightning Injuries Adventure Medicine. Sept 2012. http://www.adventuremedicine.net/2012/09/lightning-injuries/
Slide Sets
Podcasts
- Lex J. Electrical Misadventures-Microwaves,Cords,Plugs,TASERs, and Lightning. 2010. From Giant Steps in Emergency Medicine. Accessed 8 Sept 2013. http://freeemergencytalks.net/2010/08/joe-lex-electrical-misadventures-microwaves-cords-plugs-tasers-and-lightning/ (54m20s)
Videos
Other Resources
High-Altitude Medicine
Acute Mountain Sickness, Barotrauma of Ascent, High-Altitude Cerebral Edema, High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema
Book Chapters - Not Open Access
Journal Articles - Open Access
- Austin D, Sleigh J. Prediction of Acute Mountain Sickness BMJ 1995;311:989 http://www.bmj.com/content/311/7011/989
- Bellis F. Acute Mountain Sickness: an unexpected management problem British Journal of Sports Medicine 2002;36:147 http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/36/2/147.full
- Dumont L, Mardisoff C, Tramer MR. Efficacy and harm of pharmacological prevention of acute mountain sickness: quantitative systematic review BMJ 2000;321:267 http://www.bmj.com/content/321/7256/267
- Harrison MF, Anderson PJ, et al. Physiological variables associated with the development of acute mountain sickness at the South Pole BMJ Open 2013;3:e003064 http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/7/e003064.full
- Imray C, Booth A, et al. Acute altitude illness BMJ 2011;343:d4943 http://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.d4943
- Keller HR, Maggiorini M, et al. Simulated descent v dexamethasone in treatment of acute mountain sickness: a randomised trial BMJ 1995;310:1232 http://www.bmj.com/content/310/6989/1232
- Low E, Avery A, et al. Identifying the lowest effective dose of acetazolamide for the prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness: systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ 2012;345:e6779 http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e6779
- Maggiorini M, Bartsch P, and Oelz O. Association between raised body temperature and acute mountain sickness: cross sectional study BMJ 1997;315:403 http://www.bmj.com/content/315/7105/403
- Milledge JS. Acute Mountain Sickness Thorax 1983;38:641-645 http://thorax.bmj.com/content/38/9/641.full
Blogs and Websites
- High Altitude Illness Life in the Fast Lane: Critical Care Compendium http://lifeinthefastlane.com/education/ccc/high-altitude-illness/
- High Altitude Medicine Crashing Patient. http://crashingpatient.com/environmental/high-altitude-medicine.htm/
- Hensley J. The brain wants oxygen. EBM Gone Wild. Aug 2012. http://ebmgonewild.com/the-brain-wants-oxygen/
- Hensley J. Climbing? Trouble sleeping? EBM Gone Wild. Aug 2012. http://ebmgonewild.com/climbing-trouble-sleeping/
- Maini A. High Altitude Illness-Revision Notes ED Trauma Critical Care. Jan 2012. http://www.edtcc.com/blog/2012/1/22/high-altitude-illness-revision-notes.html
- Rosengren D. Does Ibuprofen protect against Acute Mountain Sickness? Adventure Medicine. Jan 2013. http://www.adventuremedicine.net/2013/01/does-ibuprofen-protect-against-acute-mountain-sickness/
- Rothwell S. High Altitude Illness Life in the Fast Lane. June 2010. http://lifeinthefastlane.com/high-altitude-illness/
Slide Sets
Podcasts
Videos
Other Resources
Submersion Incidents: Cold Water Immersion, Near drowning
Book Chapters - Not Open Access
Journal Articles - Open Access
Blogs and Websites
Slide Sets
Podcasts
Videos
- • Schmidt A. Drowning: Critical Points for Care in the Field. 2013. Social Media and Critical Care. Accessed 19 Aug 2013. http://vimeo.com/57826732 (6m41s).
Other Resources
Temperature-Related Illness: Heat Exhaustion, Heat stroke
Book Chapters - Not Open Access
Journal Articles - Open Access
Blogs and Websites
Slide Sets
Podcasts
Videos
Other Resources
Temperature-Related Illness: Frostbite, Hypothermia
Book Chapters - Not Open Access
Journal Articles - Open Access
- Biem J, Koehncke N, et al. Out of the cold: management of hypothermia and frostbite CMAJ 2003;168;3:305-311 http://www.cmaj.ca/content/168/3/305.full
- Graham CA, Stevenson J. Frozen chips: an unusual cause of severe frostbite injury British Journal of Sports Medicine 2000;34:382-383 http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/34/5/382.full
- Harirchi I, Arvin A, et al. Frostbite: incidence and predisposing factors in mountaineers British Journal of Sports Medicine 2005;39:898-901 http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/39/12/898.full
- Woo E, Lee JW, Hur G, et al. Proposed Treatment Protocol for Frostbite: A Retrospective Analysis of 17 Cases Based on a 3-Year Single-Institution Experience Arch Plast Surg 2013 Sep;40(5):510-516. http://e-aps.org/DOIx.php?id=10.5999/aps.2013.40.5.510
Blogs and Websites
- Accidental Hypothermia Crashing Patient. http://crashingpatient.com/environmental/accidental-hypothermia.htm/
- EMCrit - Accidental Hypothermia]
- Frostbite and Cold Injuries Crashing Patient. http://crashingpatient.com/environmental/frostbite-cold-injuries.htm/
- Burns E. ECG Basics: Hypothermia Life in the Fast Lane. http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/hypothermia/
Slide Sets
Podcasts
- Weingart S. Podcast 66-...Until they are warm and dead: Severe Accidental Hypothermia 2012. http://emcrit.org/podcasts/severe-accidental-hypothermia/ (20m54s)
Videos
- • Oosterloo M. Dead cold, winter can be murder. 2013. Social Media and Critical Care. Accessed 19 Aug 2013. http://vimeo.com/57872537 (6m24s).