Hydrochlorothiazide

General

  • Type: diuretic
  • Dosage Forms: 12.5mg, 25mg, 50mg
  • Common Trade Names: Microzide, Esidrix
  • Commonly abbreviated HCTZ
  • Must check chem 10 before prescribing in ED

Adult Dosing

  • hypertension: 12.5 - 50 MG PO QDAY

Pediatric Dosing

  • < 6 months: 2-4mg/kg/day PO BID
  • 6 mo - 2 yo: 1-2mg/kg/day PO BID, max 37.5mg/day
  • 2 - 12 y/o: 1-2mg/kg/day PO qday-bid, max 100mg/day

Special Populations

  • Pregnancy Rating:B
  • Lactation: probably safe
  • Renal Dosing
    • Adult: caution advised
    • Pediatric: caution advised
  • Hepatic Dosing
    • Adult: not defined
    • Pediatric: not defined

Contraindications

  • Allergy to class/drug
  • Anuria
  • neonatal jaundice

Adverse Reactions

Serious

  • hypokalemia, severe
  • arrythmias
  • cholestatic jaundice
  • pancreatitis
  • steven johnson syndrome
  • renal failure
  • leukopenia

Common

  • hypokalemia
  • hypochloremia
  • hyponatremia
  • hypomagnesium
  • hypercalcemia
  • hyperglycemia
  • hyperlipidemia
  • dizziness
  • diarrhea
  • headache
  • muscle cramps

Pharmacology

  • Half-life: 5.6 - 14.8 hours
  • Metabolism: none
  • Excretion: urine
  • Mechanism of Action: inhibits distal convoluted tubule sodium and chloride resorption

See Also

References