Ovarian cyst: Difference between revisions
 
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==Background==
==Background==
[[File:Relative incidences of ovarian cysts.jpg|thumb|Relative incidences of different types of ovarian cysts.<ref> Abduljabbar, Hassan S.; Bukhari, Yasir A.; Hachim, Estabrq G. Al; Ashour, Ghazal S.; Amer, Afnan A.; Shaikhoon, Mohammed M.; Khojah, Mohammed I. (July 2015). "Review of 244 cases of ovarian cysts". Saudi Medical Journal. 36 (7): 834–838. doi:10.15537/smj.2015.7.11690. PMC 4503903. PMID 26108588.</ref>]]
[[File:Blausen 0732 PID-Sites.png|thumb|Female pelvic anatomy.]]
*Most common are functional or follicular cysts
*Most common are functional or follicular cysts
*Less common include PCOS, cystadenomas, and dermoid cysts
*Less common include PCOS, cystadenomas, and dermoid cysts
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*Most tend to be asymptomatic
*Most tend to be asymptomatic
*Can cause:
*Can cause:
**Dull pelvic pain or fullness
**Dull [[pelvic pain]] or fullness; they can be significantly painful if ruptured
**Dyspaneuria
**Dyspareunia
**Pressure on the bladder
**Pressure on the bladder
*They can be significantly painful if ruptured
*If there is bleeding into the cyst and it ruptures, it can be life threatening, with signs of [[peritonitis]], [[shock]]
*If there is bleeding into the cyst and it ruptures, it can be life threatening


==Differential Diagnosis==
==Differential Diagnosis==
===Right===
{{Pelvic pain DDX}}
{{Abd DDX RLQ}}
{{Abd DDX RLQ}}
 
{{LLQ DDX}}
===Left===
{{Template:LLQ DDX}}


==Evaluation==
==Evaluation==
[[File:PMC4603210 usg-15013-f2.png|thumb|Ultrasound demonstrates a simple ovarian cyst greater than 3 cm in size consistent with a follicular cyst.]]
[[File:Ovarian Cyst Singh.gif|thumbnail|Transvaginal ultrasound showing ovarian cyst<ref>http://www.thepocusatlas.com/obgyn/</ref>]]
[[File:Ovarian Cyst Singh.gif|thumbnail|Transvaginal ultrasound showing ovarian cyst<ref>http://www.thepocusatlas.com/obgyn/</ref>]]
*Bimanual exam
[[File:PMC3369119 13244 2012 157 Fig2 HTML.png|thumb|Ruptured hemorrhagic cyst. (a) CT with bilateral low-density cystic lesions (white arrows). There is extensive hyperdense free pelvic fluid representing hemorrhagic ascites (black arrow). (b) Trans-abdominal ultrasound shows free fluid containing low level echoes in the pelvis (black arrow). There is an adnexal cyst in the pelvis representing the right hemorrhagic ovarian cyst (white arrow).]]
**Adenexal mass
===Workup===
**Adenexal tenderness
*CBC, chemistry
*Ultrasound
*[[UA]], urine pregnancy
**Absence of cyst may suggest rupture
*[[Pelvic ultrasound]]
*Consider CT A/P to rule out other etiologies (e.g. [[appendicitis]])
 
===Diagnosis===
*Typically diagnosed on ultrasound, with same side of pain and absence of other concerning etiologies (e.g. negative UA, not pregnant)
*Check hemoglobin level to assess for blood loss


==Management==
==Management==
*NSAIDs
*[[NSAIDs]]
*Oral contraceptives
*Oral contraceptives
**No benefit has been found though Gyn may suggest them<ref>Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011. Sep 7;(9):CD006134.</ref>
**No benefit has been found though gynecology may suggest them<ref>Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011. Sep 7;(9):CD006134.</ref>
*Ensure that patient does not have significant anemia/free fluid in pelvis
**Consider repeat hemoglobin of observation period if concern for ruptured cyst with significant bleeding


==Disposition==
==Disposition==
*Home
*Home, unlessed ruptured with concern for significant blood loss
*Follow up with OBGyn
*Follow up with OBGyn


Latest revision as of 20:51, 11 December 2024

Background

Relative incidences of different types of ovarian cysts.[1]
Female pelvic anatomy.
  • Most common are functional or follicular cysts
  • Less common include PCOS, cystadenomas, and dermoid cysts
  • Cysts are generally >1cm in size
  • Cysts are at risk of torsion when >4cm
  • Cysts <2cm are virtually risk free from torsion

Clinical Features

  • Most tend to be asymptomatic
  • Can cause:
    • Dull pelvic pain or fullness; they can be significantly painful if ruptured
    • Dyspareunia
    • Pressure on the bladder
  • If there is bleeding into the cyst and it ruptures, it can be life threatening, with signs of peritonitis, shock

Differential Diagnosis

Acute Pelvic Pain

Differential diagnosis of acute pelvic pain

Gynecologic/Obstetric

Genitourinary

Gastrointestinal

Musculoskeletal

Vascular

RLQ Pain

LLQ Pain

Evaluation

Ultrasound demonstrates a simple ovarian cyst greater than 3 cm in size consistent with a follicular cyst.
Transvaginal ultrasound showing ovarian cyst[3]
Ruptured hemorrhagic cyst. (a) CT with bilateral low-density cystic lesions (white arrows). There is extensive hyperdense free pelvic fluid representing hemorrhagic ascites (black arrow). (b) Trans-abdominal ultrasound shows free fluid containing low level echoes in the pelvis (black arrow). There is an adnexal cyst in the pelvis representing the right hemorrhagic ovarian cyst (white arrow).

Workup

Diagnosis

  • Typically diagnosed on ultrasound, with same side of pain and absence of other concerning etiologies (e.g. negative UA, not pregnant)
  • Check hemoglobin level to assess for blood loss

Management

  • NSAIDs
  • Oral contraceptives
    • No benefit has been found though gynecology may suggest them[4]
  • Ensure that patient does not have significant anemia/free fluid in pelvis
    • Consider repeat hemoglobin of observation period if concern for ruptured cyst with significant bleeding

Disposition

  • Home, unlessed ruptured with concern for significant blood loss
  • Follow up with OBGyn

See Also

External Links

References

  1. ↑ Abduljabbar, Hassan S.; Bukhari, Yasir A.; Hachim, Estabrq G. Al; Ashour, Ghazal S.; Amer, Afnan A.; Shaikhoon, Mohammed M.; Khojah, Mohammed I. (July 2015). "Review of 244 cases of ovarian cysts". Saudi Medical Journal. 36 (7): 834–838. doi:10.15537/smj.2015.7.11690. PMC 4503903. PMID 26108588.
  2. ↑ Norris DL, Young JD. UTI. EM Clin N Am. 2008; 26:413-30.
  3. ↑ http://www.thepocusatlas.com/obgyn/
  4. ↑ Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011. Sep 7;(9):CD006134.
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