Fever and rash: Difference between revisions
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==Petechial== | ==Background== | ||
{{Skin anatomy background images}} | |||
{{Rash red flags}} | |||
{{Primary derm lesions names}} | |||
==Differential Diagnosis by Rash Type== | |||
===[[petechiae|Petechial]]=== | |||
*Infectious | *Infectious | ||
**[[Dengue fever]] | **[[Dengue fever]] | ||
**[[EBV]] | **[[EBV]] | ||
**[[Endocarditis]] | **[[Endocarditis]] | ||
**[[ | **Enteric bacteria (e.g. [[e. coli]], [[shigella]]) | ||
**[[Enterovirus]] | **[[Enterovirus]] | ||
**[[Epidemic typhus]] | **[[Epidemic typhus]] | ||
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*Noninfectious | *Noninfectious | ||
**Allergy | **[[allergic reaction|Allergy]] | ||
**[[Amyloidosis]] | **[[Amyloidosis]] | ||
**[[HSP]] | **[[HSP]] | ||
**[[ | **Hypersensitivity [[vasculitis]] | ||
**[[Lupus]] | **[[Lupus]] | ||
**[[ | **[[Rheumatic fever]] | ||
**[[Scurvy]] | **[[Scurvy]] | ||
**[[Thrombocytopenia]] | **[[Thrombocytopenia]] | ||
===Pediatric=== | ====Pediatric==== | ||
''Skin changes are often the most concerning finding in a pediatric fever'' | ''Skin changes are often the most concerning finding in a pediatric fever'' | ||
*[[HSP]] | *[[HSP]] | ||
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*[[TTP]] | *[[TTP]] | ||
==Maculopapular== | ===Maculopapular=== | ||
*Infectious | *Infectious | ||
**[[Adenovirus]] | **[[Adenovirus]] | ||
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**[[Ehrlichiosis]] | **[[Ehrlichiosis]] | ||
**[[Enterovirus]] | **[[Enterovirus]] | ||
**[[ | **[[Fifths disease]] | ||
**[[HSV 6]] | **[[HSV 6]] | ||
**[[ | **[[Leptospirosis]] | ||
**[[Lyme]] | **[[Lyme]] | ||
**[[Meningococcemia]] | **[[Meningococcemia]] | ||
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*Noninfectious | *Noninfectious | ||
**[[ | **[[Acrodermatitis enteropathica]] | ||
**Allergy | **[[Allergic reaction|Allergy]] | ||
**[[Dermatomyositis]] | **[[Dermatomyositis]] | ||
**[[Erythema marginatum]] | **[[Erythema marginatum]] | ||
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**[[Sweet's syndrome]] | **[[Sweet's syndrome]] | ||
==Vesico-Bullous== | ===[[Vesiculobullous rashes|Vesico-Bullous]]=== | ||
*Infectious | *Infectious | ||
**Enterovirus | **[[Enterovirus]] | ||
**[[ | **[[Fifths disease]] | ||
**[[Folliculitis]] ([[Staph]], [[Candida]], [[Pseudomonas]]) | **[[Folliculitis]] ([[Staph]], [[Candida]], [[Pseudomonas]]) | ||
**[[GC]] | **[[GC]] | ||
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**[[Staph]] | **[[Staph]] | ||
**[[Varicella]] | **[[Varicella]] | ||
**[[Vibrio | **[[Vibrio vulnificans]] | ||
*Noninfectious | *Noninfectious | ||
**Allergy | **[[Allergic reaction|Allergy]] | ||
**Eczema vaccinatum | **Eczema vaccinatum | ||
**Erythema multiforme bullosum | **[[Erythema multiforme]] bullosum | ||
**Plant dermatitis | **[[Poison Oak, Ivy, Sumac|Plant dermatitis]] | ||
==Erythematous== | ===Erythematous=== | ||
*Infectious | *Infectious | ||
**[[Staph]]/[[strep]] ([[toxic shock]], [[scarlet fever]]) | **[[Staph]]/[[strep]] ([[toxic shock syndrome|toxic shock]], [[scarlet fever]]) | ||
**[[Ehrlichiosis]] | **[[Ehrlichiosis]] | ||
**[[Strep viridans]] | **[[Strep viridans]] | ||
**[[C. haemolyticum]] | **[[corynebacterium|C. haemolyticum]] | ||
**[[Kawasaki's]] | **[[Kawasaki's]] | ||
**Enterovirus | **[[Enterovirus]] | ||
*Noninfectious | *Noninfectious | ||
**Allergy | **[[Allergic reaction|Allergy]] | ||
**Eczema | **[[Eczema]] | ||
**Lymphoma | **[[Lymphoma]] | ||
**Pityriasis rubra | **Pityriasis rubra | ||
**[[Psoriasis]] | **[[Psoriasis]] | ||
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**Vasodilation | **Vasodilation | ||
==Urticarial== | ===Urticarial=== | ||
*Infectious | *Infectious | ||
**Adenovirus | **[[Adenovirus]] | ||
**[[EBV]] | **[[EBV]] | ||
**Enterovirus | **[[Enterovirus]] | ||
**[[Hep B]] | **[[Hep B]] | ||
**[[HIV]] | **[[HIV]] | ||
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*Noninfectious | *Noninfectious | ||
**Allergy | **[[Allergic reaction|Allergy]] | ||
**Idiopathic | **Idiopathic | ||
**Malignancy | **Malignancy | ||
**Vasculitis | **[[Vasculitis]] | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Rashes]] | *[[Rashes]] | ||
*[[Fever]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Dermatology]] | [[Category:Dermatology]] | ||
[[Category:ID]] | [[Category:ID]] | ||
[[Category:Symptoms]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:23, 30 July 2025
Background
Rash Red Flags[1]
- Fever
- Toxic appearance
- Hypotension
- Mucosal lesions
- Severe pain
- Very old or young age
- Immunosuppressed
- New medication
Dermatology Nomenclature
Small lesions (<0.5cm)
| Name | Raised/Palpable | Fluid-Filled | Other Description | Diagram |
| Macule | No | None | flat, cirumscribed, colored | 
|
| Papule | Yes | None | Solid | 
|
| Vesicle | Yes | Clear | .png)
| |
| Pustule | Yes | Pus | Leukocytes or keratin | 
|
Large lesions (>0.5cm)
| Name | Raised/Palpable | Fluid-Filled | Other Description | Diagram |
| Patch | No | None | Large macule (flat, colored) | 
|
| Plaque | Yes | None | Superficially raised, circumscribed solid area | 
|
| Nodule | Yes | None | Distinct large papule | 
|
| Bulla | Yes | Clear | Large vesicle/blister or exposed epidermal layer | 
|
| Wheal | Yes | Edema | Firm and edema of dermis |
Other
- Eschar
- Fissure/erosion/ulcer
- Necrotizing rashes
Differential Diagnosis by Rash Type
Petechial
- Infectious
- Noninfectious
- Allergy
- Amyloidosis
- HSP
- Hypersensitivity vasculitis
- Lupus
- Rheumatic fever
- Scurvy
- Thrombocytopenia
Pediatric
Skin changes are often the most concerning finding in a pediatric fever
Maculopapular
- Infectious
- Noninfectious
Vesico-Bullous
- Infectious
- Noninfectious
- Allergy
- Eczema vaccinatum
- Erythema multiforme bullosum
- Plant dermatitis
Erythematous
- Infectious
Urticarial
- Infectious
- Noninfectious
- Allergy
- Idiopathic
- Malignancy
- Vasculitis
See Also
References
- ↑ Nguyen T and Freedman J. Dermatologic Emergencies: Diagnosing and Managing Life-Threatening Rashes. Emergency Medicine Practice. September 2002 volume 4 no 9.