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==Petechial==
==Background==
#Infectious
{{Skin anatomy background images}}
##[[Endocarditis]]
{{Rash red flags}}
##[[Meningococcemia]]
{{Primary derm lesions names}}
##[[Gonococcemia]]
##[[Gram negative bacteria]]
##[[Enteric bacteria]]
##[[RMSF]]
##[[Enterovirus]]
##[[Dengue Fever]]
##[[Hepatitis B]]
##[[Rubella]]
##[[EBV]]
##[[Rat bite fever]]
##[[Epidemic typhus]]
#Noninfectious
##Allergy
##[[Thrombocytopenia]]
##[[Scurvy]]
##[[Lupus]]
##[[HSP]]
##[[Hypersensitivity vasculitis]]
##[[Rhumatic fever]]
##[[Amyloidosis]]


==Maculopapular==
==Differential Diagnosis by Rash Type==
#Infectious
===[[petechiae|Petechial]]===
##[[Typhoid fever]]/[[typhus]]
*Infectious
##Secondary [[syphilis]]
**[[Dengue fever]]
##[[Lyme]]
**[[EBV]]
##[[Meningococcemia]]
**[[Endocarditis]]
##[[Mycoplasma]]
**Enteric bacteria (e.g. [[e. coli]], [[shigella]])
##[[Psittacosis]]
**[[Enterovirus]]
##[[Rickettsia]]
**[[Epidemic typhus]]
##[[Leptospiroisis]]
**[[Gonococcemia]]
##[[Ehrlichiosis]]
**[[Gram negative bacteria]]
##[[Enterovirus]]
**[[Hepatitis B]]
##[[Parvovirus (B19)]]
**[[Meningococcemia]]
##[[5th Dz]]
**[[Rat bite fever]]
##[[HSV 6]]
**[[RMSF]]
##[[Rubeola]]
**[[Rubella]]
##[[Rubella]]
##[[Arbovirus]]
##[[EBV]]
##[[Adenovirus]]
##Primary [[HIV]]
##[[Streptobacillus moniliformis]]
#Noninfectious
##Allergy
##[[Serum Sickness]]
##[[Erythema multiforme]]
##[[Erythema marginatum]]
##[[Lupus]]
##[[Dermatomyositis]]
##[[Sweet's syndrome]]
##[[Acroderm enteropathica]]


==Vesico-Bullous==
*Noninfectious
#Infectious
**[[allergic reaction|Allergy]]
##[[Staph]]
**[[Amyloidosis]]
##[[GC]]
**[[HSP]]
##[[Rickettsia]]
**Hypersensitivity [[vasculitis]]
##[[HSV]]
**[[Lupus]]
##[[Varicella]]
**[[Rheumatic fever]]
##[[Vibrio vulnificans]]
**[[Scurvy]]
##[[Folliculitis]] ([[Staph]], [[Candida]], [[Pseudomonas]])
**[[Thrombocytopenia]]
##Enterovirus
##[[5th Dz]]
##[[Parvovirus B19]]
##[[HIV]]
#Noninfectious
##Allergy
##Plant dermatitis
##Eczema vaccinatum
##Erythema multiforme bullosum


==Erythematous==
====Pediatric====
#Infectious
''Skin changes are often the most concerning finding in a pediatric fever''
##[[Staph]]/[[strep]] ([[toxic shock]], [[scarlet fever]])
*[[HSP]]
##[[Ehrlichiosis]]
*[[HUS]]
##[[Strep viridans]]
*[[ITP]]
##[[C. haemolyticum]]
*[[Meningitis (Peds)]]
##[[Kawasaki's]]
*[[Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MAHA)]]
##Enterovirus
*[[TTP]]
#Noninfectious
##Allergy
##Vasodilation
##Eczema
##[[Psoriasis]]
##Lymphoma
##Pityriasis rubra
##Sezary syndrome


==Urticarial==
===Maculopapular===
#Infectious
*Infectious
##[[Mycoplasma]]
**[[Adenovirus]]
##[[Lyme]]
**[[Arbovirus]]
##Enterovirus
**[[EBV]]
##[[HIV]]
**[[Ehrlichiosis]]
##[[Hep B]]
**[[Enterovirus]]
##Adenovirus
**[[Fifths disease]]
##[[EBV]]
**[[HSV 6]]
##[[Strongyloides]]
**[[Leptospirosis]]
##[[Trichinosis]]
**[[Lyme]]
##[[Schistosomiasis]]
**[[Meningococcemia]]
##[[Onchocerciasis]]
**[[Mycoplasma]]
##[[Loiasis]]
**[[Parvovirus (B19)]]
#Noninfectious
**Primary [[HIV]]
##Allergy
**[[Psittacosis]]
##Vasculitis
**[[Rickettsia]]
##Malignancy
**[[Rubella]]
##Idiopathic
**[[Rubeola]]
**Secondary [[syphilis]]
**[[Streptobacillus moniliformis]]
**[[Typhoid fever]]/[[typhus]]


==Source==
*Noninfectious
*Tarascon Adult Emergency Pocketbook
**[[Acrodermatitis enteropathica]]
**[[Allergic reaction|Allergy]]
**[[Dermatomyositis]]
**[[Erythema marginatum]]
**[[Erythema multiforme]]
**[[Lupus]]
**[[Serum sickness]]
**[[Sweet's syndrome]]
 
===[[Vesiculobullous rashes|Vesico-Bullous]]===
*Infectious
**[[Enterovirus]]
**[[Fifths disease]]
**[[Folliculitis]] ([[Staph]], [[Candida]], [[Pseudomonas]])
**[[GC]]
**[[HIV]]
**[[HSV]]
**[[Parvovirus B19]]
**[[Rickettsia]]
**[[Staph]]
**[[Varicella]]
**[[Vibrio vulnificans]]
 
*Noninfectious
**[[Allergic reaction|Allergy]]
**Eczema vaccinatum
**[[Erythema multiforme]] bullosum
**[[Poison Oak, Ivy, Sumac|Plant dermatitis]]
 
===Erythematous===
*Infectious
**[[Staph]]/[[strep]] ([[toxic shock syndrome|toxic shock]], [[scarlet fever]])
**[[Ehrlichiosis]]
**[[Strep viridans]]
**[[corynebacterium|C. haemolyticum]]
**[[Kawasaki's]]
**[[Enterovirus]]
 
*Noninfectious
**[[Allergic reaction|Allergy]]
**[[Eczema]]
**[[Lymphoma]]
**Pityriasis rubra
**[[Psoriasis]]
**Sezary syndrome
**Vasodilation
 
===Urticarial===
*Infectious
**[[Adenovirus]]
**[[EBV]]
**[[Enterovirus]]
**[[Hep B]]
**[[HIV]]
**[[Loiasis]]
**[[Lyme]]
**[[Mycoplasma]]
**[[Onchocerciasis]]
**[[Schistosomiasis]]
**[[Strongyloides]]
**[[Trichinosis]]
 
*Noninfectious
**[[Allergic reaction|Allergy]]
**Idiopathic
**Malignancy
**[[Vasculitis]]
 
==See Also==
*[[Rashes]]
*[[Rashes]]
*[[Fever]]
==References==
<references/>


[[Category:Derm]]
[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:ID]]
[[Category:ID]]
[[Category:Symptoms]]

Latest revision as of 18:23, 30 July 2025

Background

Normal dermal anatomy.

Rash Red Flags[1]

Dermatology Nomenclature

Small lesions (<0.5cm)

Name Raised/Palpable Fluid-Filled Other Description Diagram
Macule No None flat, cirumscribed, colored Macule.png
Papule Yes None Solid Papule.png
Vesicle Yes Clear Vesicles (2).png
Pustule Yes Pus Leukocytes or keratin Pustules.png

Large lesions (>0.5cm)

Name Raised/Palpable Fluid-Filled Other Description Diagram
Patch No None Large macule (flat, colored) Patch.png
Plaque Yes None Superficially raised, circumscribed solid area Plaque.png
Nodule Yes None Distinct large papule Nodules.png.png
Bulla Yes Clear Large vesicle/blister or exposed epidermal layer Bulla.png
Wheal Yes Edema Firm and edema of dermis

Other

Ulcer, fissue, and erosion

Differential Diagnosis by Rash Type

Petechial

Pediatric

Skin changes are often the most concerning finding in a pediatric fever

Maculopapular

Vesico-Bullous

Erythematous

Urticarial

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Nguyen T and Freedman J. Dermatologic Emergencies: Diagnosing and Managing Life-Threatening Rashes. Emergency Medicine Practice. September 2002 volume 4 no 9.
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