Fever and rash: Difference between revisions
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== | ==Background== | ||
{{Skin anatomy background images}} | |||
{{Rash red flags}} | |||
{{Primary derm lesions names}} | |||
===Pediatric=== | ==Differential Diagnosis by Rash Type== | ||
===[[petechiae|Petechial]]=== | |||
*Infectious | |||
**[[Dengue fever]] | |||
**[[EBV]] | |||
**[[Endocarditis]] | |||
**Enteric bacteria (e.g. [[e. coli]], [[shigella]]) | |||
**[[Enterovirus]] | |||
**[[Epidemic typhus]] | |||
**[[Gonococcemia]] | |||
**[[Gram negative bacteria]] | |||
**[[Hepatitis B]] | |||
**[[Meningococcemia]] | |||
**[[Rat bite fever]] | |||
**[[RMSF]] | |||
**[[Rubella]] | |||
*Noninfectious | |||
**[[allergic reaction|Allergy]] | |||
**[[Amyloidosis]] | |||
**[[HSP]] | |||
**Hypersensitivity [[vasculitis]] | |||
**[[Lupus]] | |||
**[[Rheumatic fever]] | |||
**[[Scurvy]] | |||
**[[Thrombocytopenia]] | |||
====Pediatric==== | |||
''Skin changes are often the most concerning finding in a pediatric fever'' | |||
*[[HSP]] | *[[HSP]] | ||
*[[HUS]] | |||
*[[ITP]] | *[[ITP]] | ||
*[[Meningitis (Peds)]] | |||
*[[Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MAHA)]] | *[[Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MAHA)]] | ||
*[[TTP]] | *[[TTP]] | ||
==Maculopapular== | ===Maculopapular=== | ||
*Infectious | |||
**[[Adenovirus]] | |||
**[[Arbovirus]] | |||
**[[EBV]] | |||
**[[Ehrlichiosis]] | |||
**[[Enterovirus]] | |||
**[[Fifths disease]] | |||
**[[HSV 6]] | |||
**[[Leptospirosis]] | |||
**[[Lyme]] | |||
**[[Meningococcemia]] | |||
**[[Mycoplasma]] | |||
**[[Parvovirus (B19)]] | |||
**Primary [[HIV]] | |||
**[[Psittacosis]] | |||
**[[Rickettsia]] | |||
**[[Rubella]] | |||
**[[Rubeola]] | |||
**Secondary [[syphilis]] | |||
**[[Streptobacillus moniliformis]] | |||
**[[Typhoid fever]]/[[typhus]] | |||
*Noninfectious | |||
**[[Acrodermatitis enteropathica]] | |||
**[[Allergic reaction|Allergy]] | |||
**[[Dermatomyositis]] | |||
**[[Erythema marginatum]] | |||
**[[Erythema multiforme]] | |||
**[[Lupus]] | |||
**[[Serum sickness]] | |||
**[[Sweet's syndrome]] | |||
===[[Vesiculobullous rashes|Vesico-Bullous]]=== | |||
*Infectious | |||
**[[Enterovirus]] | |||
**[[Fifths disease]] | |||
**[[Folliculitis]] ([[Staph]], [[Candida]], [[Pseudomonas]]) | |||
**[[GC]] | |||
**[[HIV]] | |||
**[[HSV]] | |||
**[[Parvovirus B19]] | |||
**[[Rickettsia]] | |||
**[[Staph]] | |||
**[[Varicella]] | |||
**[[Vibrio vulnificans]] | |||
*Noninfectious | |||
**[[Allergic reaction|Allergy]] | |||
**Eczema vaccinatum | |||
**[[Erythema multiforme]] bullosum | |||
**[[Poison Oak, Ivy, Sumac|Plant dermatitis]] | |||
===Erythematous=== | |||
*Infectious | |||
**[[Staph]]/[[strep]] ([[toxic shock syndrome|toxic shock]], [[scarlet fever]]) | |||
**[[Ehrlichiosis]] | |||
**[[Strep viridans]] | |||
**[[corynebacterium|C. haemolyticum]] | |||
**[[Kawasaki's]] | |||
**[[Enterovirus]] | |||
*Noninfectious | |||
**[[Allergic reaction|Allergy]] | |||
**[[Eczema]] | |||
**[[Lymphoma]] | |||
**Pityriasis rubra | |||
**[[Psoriasis]] | |||
**Sezary syndrome | |||
**Vasodilation | |||
== | ===Urticarial=== | ||
*Infectious | |||
**[[Adenovirus]] | |||
**[[EBV]] | |||
**[[Enterovirus]] | |||
**[[Hep B]] | |||
**[[HIV]] | |||
**[[Loiasis]] | |||
**[[Lyme]] | |||
**[[Mycoplasma]] | |||
**[[Onchocerciasis]] | |||
**[[Schistosomiasis]] | |||
**[[Strongyloides]] | |||
**[[Trichinosis]] | |||
*Noninfectious | |||
**[[Allergic reaction|Allergy]] | |||
**Idiopathic | |||
**Malignancy | |||
**[[Vasculitis]] | |||
== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Rashes]] | *[[Rashes]] | ||
*[[Fever]] | |||
==References== | |||
<references/> | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Dermatology]] | ||
[[Category:ID]] | [[Category:ID]] | ||
[[Category:Symptoms]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:23, 30 July 2025
Background
Rash Red Flags[1]
- Fever
- Toxic appearance
- Hypotension
- Mucosal lesions
- Severe pain
- Very old or young age
- Immunosuppressed
- New medication
Dermatology Nomenclature
Small lesions (<0.5cm)
| Name | Raised/Palpable | Fluid-Filled | Other Description | Diagram |
| Macule | No | None | flat, cirumscribed, colored | 
|
| Papule | Yes | None | Solid | 
|
| Vesicle | Yes | Clear | .png)
| |
| Pustule | Yes | Pus | Leukocytes or keratin | 
|
Large lesions (>0.5cm)
| Name | Raised/Palpable | Fluid-Filled | Other Description | Diagram |
| Patch | No | None | Large macule (flat, colored) | 
|
| Plaque | Yes | None | Superficially raised, circumscribed solid area | 
|
| Nodule | Yes | None | Distinct large papule | 
|
| Bulla | Yes | Clear | Large vesicle/blister or exposed epidermal layer | 
|
| Wheal | Yes | Edema | Firm and edema of dermis |
Other
- Eschar
- Fissure/erosion/ulcer
- Necrotizing rashes
Differential Diagnosis by Rash Type
Petechial
- Infectious
- Noninfectious
- Allergy
- Amyloidosis
- HSP
- Hypersensitivity vasculitis
- Lupus
- Rheumatic fever
- Scurvy
- Thrombocytopenia
Pediatric
Skin changes are often the most concerning finding in a pediatric fever
Maculopapular
- Infectious
- Noninfectious
Vesico-Bullous
- Infectious
- Noninfectious
- Allergy
- Eczema vaccinatum
- Erythema multiforme bullosum
- Plant dermatitis
Erythematous
- Infectious
Urticarial
- Infectious
- Noninfectious
- Allergy
- Idiopathic
- Malignancy
- Vasculitis
See Also
References
- ↑ Nguyen T and Freedman J. Dermatologic Emergencies: Diagnosing and Managing Life-Threatening Rashes. Emergency Medicine Practice. September 2002 volume 4 no 9.