Pediatric rashes: Difference between revisions
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Measles-1st disease
''This page is for pediatric patients; for other age groups see [[general approach to rashes]] and [[neonatal rashes]]''
==Background==
{{Skin anatomy background images}}
{{Primary derm lesions names}}
{{Rash red flags}}


Scarlet fever- 2nd
==Clinical Features==


Rubella-3rd
==Differential Diagnosis==
{{Peds Rash DDX}}


Dukes-4th
==Evaluation==
{{Pediatric rashes images}}


Erythema infectiosom- 5th
==Management==


Exanthem subitum (roseola)- 6th
==Disposition==


== ==
==See Also==
*[[Neonatal Rashes]]
*[[Rashes]]


==References==
<references/>


==Measels (Rubeola)==


 
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
-10-14days of incubation.
[[Category:Dermatology]]
 
[[Category:Symptoms]]
-Fever, Cough, Conjunctivitis(non-purulent), Coryza, usu. before rash
 
-Koplick spot's= pathognomonic, grains of salt on red background on buccal mucousa
 
-Rash is "bucket of paint dumped on head"
 
-Reddish brown on face & neck rather confluent spreads down trunk & extrems (less confluent) & generalized on 3rd day.
 
-Fades on 5-6 day w/ brownish staining then desquamation.
 
-Etiology: Rubeola virus
 
 
==Scarlet Fever==
 
 
-Incubation of 2-5days then...
 
-fever, HA, sore thrt, vomiting prodrome 12hrs before rash
 
-Erythematous, punctiform that blanches w/ pressure, starts on flexor areas then spreads to generalized in 24hrs.
 
-Forehead & cheeks smooth red flushed but circumoral pallor.
 
-See lesions most on neck, axilla, inguinal area, popliteal folds
 
-INVOLVES HANDS & FEET unlike measles
 
-Desquamation follows
 
-STRAWBERRY TONGUE IS PATHOGN.
 
-Etiol: Grp A strep.
 
-Rx= pcn for 10 days or bicillin IM x1
 
 
==Rubella (German Measles)==
 
 
-Incubation 2-3wks.
 
-NO PRODROME
 
-Rash often first, LYMPHADENOPATHY often asymptomatic in kids.
 
-Rash is pink starting on face/neck down to trunk & extrems faster than w/ measles, general in 24-48hrs.
 
-lesions discrete not confluent.
 
-By third day face clear only extrems. are involved (first to form, first to fade.
 
-NO desquamation.
 
-In contrast to measles will see confluent vs discreet.
 
-LYMPHAD. is PATHOGN. post-auricular, occipital, but can see in other diseases
 
-Etiology is Rubella virus.
 
 
==Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth disease)==
 
 
-incubation 6-14days
 
-No prodrome often starts w/ rash.
 
-Starts w/ "slapped cheeks", then urticarial/morbilliform rash on extrems & trunk, w/ pruritis sometimes
 
-As rash fades gets reticular or lacey appearance. Can see this for one week or 8wks.
 
-Pathognomic is slapped cheeks in well-appearing child.
 
-Etiology is parvovirus B19
 
-if pregnant bad, can =fetal hydrops & death (2-6%), risk greatest 1st 1/2 of preg
 
 
==Exanthem Subitum (Roseola)==
 
 
-Incubation of 5-15days
 
-Prodrome of 3-4 days of high fever & irritability, then rash as temp falls to normal
 
-Rash is rose-red maculopapules often appearing on chest & trunk first then face & extremities
 
-Eruption fades in 2 days/ several hrs
 
-Pathogen is rash as fever fades
 
-Etiology is HSV 6,7
 
 
==Enteroviral Infections==
 
 
-ECHO virus & Coxsackie are common examples
 
-Incubation about 3-6d but variable in ECHO
 
-ECHO can see prodrome w/ fever but lower than roseola
 
-Rubella-like appearance of rash, w/ discrete maculopapular nonpruritic rash that is generalized.
 
-No desquamation, rarely w/ petechial lesions in ECHO & COXSACKIE A9 or B5
 
-Coxsackie A16 gives hand/foot/mouth disease.
 
**all rash ask is it discrete or confluent
 
 
==Hand Foot Mouth Disease==
 
 
-brief prodrome w/ low fever, anorexia & ap
 
-oral lesions (macules to vesicles on red base to ulcers)
 
-lesions on soft & hard palate, gingiva
 
-usu on dorsal hands & lateral feet, frequently on buttocks
 
-pathognomonic= hand, feet & mouth
 
-d/t cox A16 & enterovirus 71
 
 
==Varicella==
 
 
-Incubation 10-21 days (usu 14-16)
 
-vesicular eruption, 1st on trunk, scalp or face, later to ext, lesions in various stages of development, very pruritic
 
-pathognomonic= macules, papules, vesicles & crusts of diff stages
 
-d/t varicella zoster virus
 
-Contagious until the last lesion crusts over which is usually about 7-10 days into dz!!
 
**Infectious Mononucleosis**
 
-abrupt or insidious, ha, fever & malaise common w/ st & lad to follow
 
-rash in 10-15% usu btwn 4th-6th day of illness
 
-red macular or maculopapular morbilliform rash of trunk & upper arms
 
-occ involves face, thigh & legs, periorbital & eyelid edema in 50% of cases
 
-pathognomonic= st, lad, splenomegaly, d/t EBV
 
 
==HSP==
 
 
-palpable purpura in lower ext and buttocks
 
 
==Drug Rash==
 
 
-sudden, usus morbilliform, often starts on face & trunk & spreads
 
 
 
 
==Source==
 
 
Inkelis 7/04- By Lampe
 
 
 
 
[[Category:Peds]]

Latest revision as of 16:09, 11 December 2024

This page is for pediatric patients; for other age groups see general approach to rashes and neonatal rashes

Background

Normal dermal anatomy.

Dermatology Nomenclature

Small lesions (<0.5cm)

Name Raised/Palpable Fluid-Filled Other Description Diagram
Macule No None flat, cirumscribed, colored Macule.png
Papule Yes None Solid Papule.png
Vesicle Yes Clear Vesicles (2).png
Pustule Yes Pus Leukocytes or keratin Pustules.png

Large lesions (>0.5cm)

Name Raised/Palpable Fluid-Filled Other Description Diagram
Patch No None Large macule (flat, colored) Patch.png
Plaque Yes None Superficially raised, circumscribed solid area Plaque.png
Nodule Yes None Distinct large papule Nodules.png.png
Bulla Yes Clear Large vesicle/blister or exposed epidermal layer Bulla.png
Wheal Yes Edema Firm and edema of dermis

Other

Ulcer, fissue, and erosion

Rash Red Flags[1]

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Pediatric Rash

Evaluation

Pediatric rashes visual diagnosis

Management

Disposition

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Nguyen T and Freedman J. Dermatologic Emergencies: Diagnosing and Managing Life-Threatening Rashes. Emergency Medicine Practice. September 2002 volume 4 no 9.
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