Rubella: Difference between revisions
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==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
[[File:Rash of rubella on skin of child's back.JPG|thumb|Rubella]] | [[File:Rash of rubella on skin of child's back.JPG|thumb|Rubella]] | ||
*Incubation period 12-25d, peak at 16 to 18 days <ref>Sara Bode; Contagious Exanthematous Diseases. ''Quick References 2022''; 10.1542/aap.ppcqr.396150</ref> | *Incubation period 12-25d, peak at 16 to 18 days <ref name="Bode">Sara Bode; Contagious Exanthematous Diseases. ''Quick References 2022''; 10.1542/aap.ppcqr.396150</ref> | ||
*Prodrome 1-5d | *Prodrome 1-5d | ||
**[[Fever]], malaise, [[headache]], [[sore throat]] | **[[Fever]], malaise, [[headache]], [[sore throat]] | ||
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**Pink macules/papules on face, spreads to neck, trunk, arms | **Pink macules/papules on face, spreads to neck, trunk, arms | ||
***Coalesces on face as it reaches the lower extremities | ***Coalesces on face as it reaches the lower extremities | ||
**Lesions remain discrete (in contrast to measles) and pink in contrast to raised deeply erythematous macular papules seen in rubeola <ref | **Lesions remain discrete (in contrast to measles) and pink in contrast to raised deeply erythematous macular papules seen in rubeola <ref name="Bode"/> | ||
*Forschheimer spots: [[petechiae]] on hard/soft palate | *Forschheimer spots: [[petechiae]] on hard/soft palate | ||
*[[Lymphadenopathy]] | *[[Lymphadenopathy]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:00, 4 October 2022
Background
- Also known as "German measles"
- Incubation 2-3wk
- Nearly eradicated in the United States with the use of the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccination
Clinical Features
- Incubation period 12-25d, peak at 16 to 18 days [1]
- Prodrome 1-5d
- Fever, malaise, headache, sore throat
- Rash
- May be short-lived or protracted (2-3d)
- Pink macules/papules on face, spreads to neck, trunk, arms
- Coalesces on face as it reaches the lower extremities
- Lesions remain discrete (in contrast to measles) and pink in contrast to raised deeply erythematous macular papules seen in rubeola [1]
- Forschheimer spots: petechiae on hard/soft palate
- Lymphadenopathy
- Suboccipital and posterior auricular nodes
- Arthralgias, arthritis
- Rare complications
- Thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopenic purpura
- Encephalitis
- Risk of severe congenital illness if fetus exposed to virus, especially in 1st trimester
Differential Diagnosis
Pediatric Rash
- Atopic dermatitis
- Bed bugs
- Contact dermatitis
- Drug rash
- Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)
- Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
- Henoch-schonlein purpura (HSP)
- Herpangina
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Meningitis
- Measles
- Molluscum contagiosum
- Roseola infantum
- Rubella (German measles)
- Scabies
- Scarlet fever
- Smallpox
- Varicella (Chickenpox)
Evaluation
- Clinical history and lack of immunization usually sufficient for diagnosis
- CDC also recommends sending throat/nasal swabs for PCR[2]
Management
- Supportive care
- Isolation for 7 days after onset of rash[3]
- Contact health department
Disposition
See Also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Sara Bode; Contagious Exanthematous Diseases. Quick References 2022; 10.1542/aap.ppcqr.396150
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/rubella/hcp.html
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/rubella/hcp.html