Template:Cranial nerve deficits: Difference between revisions
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*'''CN II (Optic)''' | *'''CN II (Optic)''' | ||
**Monocular and binocular visual field defects | **Monocular and binocular visual field defects | ||
**Monocular: [[Giant cell arteritis]], | **Monocular: [[Giant cell arteritis]], anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, [[glaucoma]], [[optic neuritis]], [[head trauma|trauma]], [[increased ICP]], emboli/arteritis/stenosis leading to retinal ischemia, ophthalmic artery or vein occlusion | ||
**Binocular - Hemianopsia due to bilateral optic nerve disease. | **Binocular - Hemianopsia due to bilateral optic nerve disease. | ||
*'''CN III (Oculomotor)''' –See [[Third Nerve Palsy]] | *'''CN III (Oculomotor)''' –See [[Third Nerve Palsy]] | ||
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*'''CN VII (Facial)''' | *'''CN VII (Facial)''' | ||
**Upper motor neuron deficit – See [[Stroke (Main)|Stroke]], [[Hemorrhagic stroke]], [[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]] (Upper and lower motor neuron disease) | **Upper motor neuron deficit – See [[Stroke (Main)|Stroke]], [[Hemorrhagic stroke]], [[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]] (Upper and lower motor neuron disease) | ||
***Sudden-onset of weakness: forehead sparing, facial droop | ***Sudden-onset of weakness: forehead sparing, [[facial paralysis|facial droop]] | ||
**Lower motor neuron deficit – See [[Bell's palsy]] | **Lower motor neuron deficit – See [[Bell's palsy]] | ||
***Ipsilateral to defect: Inability to raise eyebrows, drooping of angle of mouth, incomplete closure of eyelid. No forehead sparing. | ***Ipsilateral to defect: Inability to raise eyebrows, drooping of angle of mouth, incomplete closure of eyelid. No forehead sparing. | ||
*'''CN VIII (Vestibular)''' | *'''CN VIII (Vestibular)''' | ||
**Dysfunction may be characterized by: tinnitus, deafness, nausea, vertigo, balance issues | **Dysfunction may be characterized by: [[tinnitus]], [[hearing loss|deafness]], [[nausea]], [[vertigo]], balance issues | ||
**See [[vertigo]] | **See [[vertigo]] | ||
*'''CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)''' | *'''CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)''' | ||
**Dysfunction may be characterized by: dysarthria, dysphagia | **Dysfunction may be characterized by: [[dysarthria]], [[dysphagia]] | ||
*'''CN X (Vagus)''' | *'''CN X (Vagus)''' | ||
**Dysfunction may be characterized by: hoarseness (unilateral vocal cord paralysis), dyspnea and inspiratory stridor (bilateral). Dysarthria, dysphagia. | **Dysfunction may be characterized by: [[dysphonia|hoarseness]] (unilateral vocal cord paralysis), [[dyspnea]] and inspiratory [[stridor]] (bilateral). Dysarthria, dysphagia. | ||
*'''CN XI (Accessory)''' | *'''CN XI (Accessory)''' | ||
**Dysfunction may be characterized by: Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius weakness leads to weak head rotation and shoulder shrug | **Dysfunction may be characterized by: Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius [[weakness]] leads to weak head rotation and shoulder shrug | ||
*'''CN XII (Hypoglossal)''' | *'''CN XII (Hypoglossal)''' | ||
**Dysfunction may be characterized by: tongue deviation and wasting | **Dysfunction may be characterized by: tongue deviation and wasting | ||
Latest revision as of 00:45, 3 October 2019
Cranial nerves
- CN I (Olfactory)
- Anosmia + perceived change in taste of food
- Deficit caused by shearing of the nerve ending passing through the cribriform plate usually by closed head trauma
- CN II (Optic)
- Monocular and binocular visual field defects
- Monocular: Giant cell arteritis, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, glaucoma, optic neuritis, trauma, increased ICP, emboli/arteritis/stenosis leading to retinal ischemia, ophthalmic artery or vein occlusion
- Binocular - Hemianopsia due to bilateral optic nerve disease.
- CN III (Oculomotor) –See Third Nerve Palsy
- CN IV (Trochlear)- See Trochlear nerve palsy
- CN VI (Abducens)- See Abducens nerve palsy
- Internuclear ophthalmoplegia - Lesion in medial longitudinal fasciculus, cannot adduct in horizontal lateral gaze, but normal convergence. Caused by multiple sclerosis or stroke
- CN V (Trigeminal)
- Jaw weakness and spasm. Jaw closure may be weak and/or asymmetric. +/- Trismus if irritative lesion to motor root.
- See trigeminal neuralgia
- CN VII (Facial)
- Upper motor neuron deficit – See Stroke, Hemorrhagic stroke, Multiple sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Upper and lower motor neuron disease)
- Sudden-onset of weakness: forehead sparing, facial droop
- Lower motor neuron deficit – See Bell's palsy
- Ipsilateral to defect: Inability to raise eyebrows, drooping of angle of mouth, incomplete closure of eyelid. No forehead sparing.
- Upper motor neuron deficit – See Stroke, Hemorrhagic stroke, Multiple sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Upper and lower motor neuron disease)
- CN VIII (Vestibular)
- CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
- Dysfunction may be characterized by: dysarthria, dysphagia
- CN X (Vagus)
- Dysfunction may be characterized by: hoarseness (unilateral vocal cord paralysis), dyspnea and inspiratory stridor (bilateral). Dysarthria, dysphagia.
- CN XI (Accessory)
- Dysfunction may be characterized by: Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius weakness leads to weak head rotation and shoulder shrug
- CN XII (Hypoglossal)
- Dysfunction may be characterized by: tongue deviation and wasting