Neonatal resuscitation
(Redirected from Neonatal Resuscitation)
Use this note for the non-delivery related resuscitation of the newborn; see newborn resuscitation for immediate after-delivery resuscitation. See newborn critical care quick reference for vital signs and drug doses, and equipment sizes.
Background
- Neonate <1mo age
Clinical Features
- Neonate in shock
Differential Diagnosis
Sick Neonate
THE MISFITS [1]
- Trauma
- Heart
- Congenital heart disease
- Hypovolemia
- Endocrine
- Metabolic
- Sodium
- Calcium
- Glucose
- Inborn errors of metabolism
- Seizure
- Formula / feeding problems
- Intestinal Disasters
- Toxin
- Sepsis
Evaluation
Workup
- Blood glucose (stat)
- Sepsis workup
- Blood gas
- ECG
- Treatable conditions include SVT
- Ammonia, pyruvate and lactate to rule in inborn errors of metabolism
- Need to look up values for neonate. Ammonia is high as liver is immature (i.e. that's why neonates are jaundice). Ammonia > 200 requires dialysis
Evaluation
If hypoxic or evidence of CHF assume CHD
- CHF in neonate = hepatomegaly, wheezing, gallop
- if unclear, do Hyperoxia test
- place infant on 100% O2 for 10 minutes
- check ABG, if O2<100 torr, highly predictive of CHD
- some use Pulse Ox <95%, less sensitive
- Abdominal xrays may help rule in intestinal disaster early
Pediatric Hypoglycemia Dextrose Chart
Category | Age | Glucose | Treatment | Initial IV Bolus | Maintenance Dose |
Neonatal | <2mo | <40 | D10W | 2.5-5 mL/kg | 6 mL/kg/h |
Pediatric | 2mo-8yrs | <60 | D25W | 2 mL/kg |
D10W:
|
Adult | >8yrs | <70 | D50W | 50mL (1 amp) OR 1 mL/kg |
- Consider diluting the D25W or D50W bolus, with NS 1-to-1, as those concentrations may be sclerosing to veins
- Recheck 5 minutes after dose and repeat dose if low.
- Consider glucagon IM/SQ if IV access is not readily available
Management
- Full sepsis work-up
- IV antibiotics and fluids
- Pressors if CHD suspected
- Intubate and give PGE
- Sides effects of PGE include apnea (10%)
- If inborn error of metabolism suspected
Empiric Treatment for Unstable Neonates
Medication/Intervention | Indication | Dose/Size (for neonate) |
Glucose | Hypoglycemia | 5–10 mL/kg of 10% dextrose in water IV |
3% normal saline | Symptomatic hyponatremia | 3–5 mL/kg bolus IV |
Calcium | Hypocalcemia | 50–100 milligrams/kg calcium gluconate or 20 milligrams/kg calcium chloride IV |
Cefotaxime | Infection | 50 milligrams/kg IV |
Ampicillin | Infection | 50 milligrams/kg IV |
Gentamicin | Infection | 2.5 milligrams/kg IV |
Packed red blood cells | Anemia | 10 mL/kg IV |
Normal saline | Hypotension, dehydration | 5-10 mL/kg IV aliquots (up to 60-80 mL/kg) |
10% dextrose in one fourth normal saline | Metabolic disease | 1.5 maintenance (6 mL/kg/h for the first 10 kg) |
Endotracheal intubation | Hypoventilation or frequent apnea | <3mm for preemie; 3mm for term neonate, 3.5mm for older infant; cuffed tube prefered if not premature |
See Also
Pediatric Critical Care
- Critical care quick reference
- Neonatal resuscitation
- Newborn resuscitation
- PALS (Main)
- Intubation (peds)
- Initial mechanical ventilation settings (peds)
- Vital signs (peds)
External Links
- Pediatric Emergency Playbook Podcast: The Undifferentiated Sick Infant
- EM Cases - Neonatal Resuscitation May 2020
- Justin Morgenstern, "Resuscitation of the crashing infant (pediatric resuscitation)", First10EM blog, October 24, 2016. Available at: https://first10em.com/crashing-infant/.
References
- ↑ Brousseau T, Sharieff GQ. Newborn emergencies: the first 30 days of life. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2006 Feb;53(1):69-84, vi.