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Fever and rash

Background

Rash Red Flags^[1]

Fever
Toxic appearance
Hypotension
Mucosal lesions
Severe pain
Very old or young age
Immunosuppressed
New medication

Petechial

Infectious
- Dengue fever
- EBV
- Endocarditis
- Enteric bacteria (e.g. e. coli, shigella)
- Enterovirus
- Epidemic typhus
- Gonococcemia
- Gram negative bacteria
- Hepatitis B
- Meningococcemia
- Rat bite fever
- RMSF
- Rubella

Noninfectious
- Allergy
- Amyloidosis
- HSP
- Hypersensitivity vasculitis
- Lupus
- Rheumatic fever
- Scurvy
- Thrombocytopenia

Pediatric

Skin changes are often the most concerning finding in a pediatric fever

Maculopapular

Infectious
- Adenovirus
- Arbovirus
- EBV
- Ehrlichiosis
- Enterovirus
- Fifths disease
- HSV 6
- Leptospirosis
- Lyme
- Meningococcemia
- Mycoplasma
- Parvovirus (B19)
- Primary HIV
- Psittacosis
- Rickettsia
- Rubella
- Rubeola
- Secondary syphilis
- Streptobacillus moniliformis
- Typhoid fever/typhus

Noninfectious

Vesico-Bullous

Infectious
- Enterovirus
- Fifths disease
- Folliculitis (Staph, Candida, Pseudomonas)
- GC
- HIV
- HSV
- Parvovirus B19
- Rickettsia
- Staph
- Varicella
- Vibrio vulnificans

Noninfectious
- Allergy
- Eczema vaccinatum
- Erythema multiforme bullosum
- Plant dermatitis

Erythematous

Infectious

Noninfectious
- Allergy
- Eczema
- Lymphoma
- Pityriasis rubra
- Psoriasis
- Sezary syndrome
- Vasodilation

Urticarial

Infectious
- Adenovirus
- EBV
- Enterovirus
- Hep B
- HIV
- Loiasis
- Lyme
- Mycoplasma
- Onchocerciasis
- Schistosomiasis
- Strongyloides
- Trichinosis

Noninfectious
- Allergy
- Idiopathic
- Malignancy
- Vasculitis

See Also

Rashes

References

↑ Nguyen T and Freedman J. Dermatologic Emergencies: Diagnosing and Managing Life-Threatening Rashes. Emergency Medicine Practice. September 2002 volume 4 no 9.

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