Clostridium perfringens: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | <languages/> | ||
*[[Gram positive]], rod-shaped obligate anaerobe | <translate> | ||
==Background== <!--T:1--> | |||
<!--T:2--> | |||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Gram positive|Gram positive]], rod-shaped obligate anaerobe | |||
*Food-borne pathogen, associated with previously cooked or poorly reheated meats, poultry, and gravy | *Food-borne pathogen, associated with previously cooked or poorly reheated meats, poultry, and gravy | ||
==Clinical Features== | |||
==Clinical Features== <!--T:3--> | |||
<!--T:4--> | |||
*Incubation 6-24h | *Incubation 6-24h | ||
*Cramping [[abdominal pain]] | *Cramping [[Special:MyLanguage/abdominal pain|abdominal pain]] | ||
*[[Nausea]] with minimal vomiting | *[[Special:MyLanguage/Nausea|Nausea]] with minimal vomiting | ||
*Watery, nonbloody [[diarrhea]] | *Watery, nonbloody [[Special:MyLanguage/diarrhea|diarrhea]] | ||
*Rarely febrile | *Rarely febrile | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== <!--T:5--> | |||
</translate> | |||
{{Diarrhea DDX}} | {{Diarrhea DDX}} | ||
<translate> | |||
</translate> | |||
{{Abdominal Pain DDX Diffuse}} | {{Abdominal Pain DDX Diffuse}} | ||
<translate> | |||
==Evaluation== <!--T:6--> | |||
<!--T:7--> | |||
*If profuse diarrhea or clinical dehydration, check electrolytes, CBC | *If profuse diarrhea or clinical dehydration, check electrolytes, CBC | ||
*Consider stool studies if: | *Consider stool studies if: | ||
| Line 24: | Line 41: | ||
*Consider abdominal CT if concern for other critical intrabdominal pathology | *Consider abdominal CT if concern for other critical intrabdominal pathology | ||
==Management== | |||
==Management== <!--T:8--> | |||
<!--T:9--> | |||
*Self-limited illness, supportive care only | *Self-limited illness, supportive care only | ||
**Oral or IV rehydration | **[[Special:MyLanguage/oral rehydration therapy|Oral]] or [[Special:MyLanguage/IVF|IV rehydration]] | ||
**Analgesia, [[antiemetics]] | **[[Special:MyLanguage/Analgesia|Analgesia]], [[Special:MyLanguage/antiemetics|antiemetics]] | ||
==Disposition== <!--T:10--> | |||
<!--T:11--> | |||
*Majority of patients can be treated as an outpatient | *Majority of patients can be treated as an outpatient | ||
*Observe or admit patients with severe dehydration and evidence of end-organ complications, significant comorbidities/immunosuppression, or inability to adequately orally rehydrate at home | *Observe or admit patients with severe dehydration and evidence of end-organ complications, significant comorbidities/immunosuppression, or inability to adequately orally rehydrate at home | ||
==External Links== | ==See Also== <!--T:12--> | ||
<!--T:13--> | |||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Clostridium|Clostridium]] | |||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Acute diarrhea|Acute diarrhea]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Gastroenteritis|Gastroenteritis]] | |||
==External Links== <!--T:14--> | |||
==References== <!--T:15--> | |||
<!--T:16--> | |||
Tintinalli's | Tintinalli's | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
<!--T:17--> | |||
[[Category:ID]] [[Category:GI]] | [[Category:ID]] [[Category:GI]] | ||
</translate> | |||
Latest revision as of 12:33, 7 January 2026
Background
- Gram positive, rod-shaped obligate anaerobe
- Food-borne pathogen, associated with previously cooked or poorly reheated meats, poultry, and gravy
Clinical Features
- Incubation 6-24h
- Cramping abdominal pain
- Nausea with minimal vomiting
- Watery, nonbloody diarrhea
- Rarely febrile
Differential Diagnosis
Acute diarrhea
Infectious
- Viral (e.g. rotavirus)
- Bacterial
- Campylobacter
- Shigella
- Salmonella (non-typhi)
- Escherichia coli
- E. coli 0157:H7
- Yersinia enterocolitica
- Vibrio cholerae
- Clostridium difficile
- Parasitic
- Toxin
Noninfectious
- GI Bleed
- Appendicitis
- Mesenteric Ischemia
- Diverticulitis
- Adrenal Crisis
- Thyroid Storm
- Toxicologic exposures
- Antibiotic or drug-associated
- Inflammatory bowel disease
Watery Diarrhea
- Enterotoxigenic E. coli (most common cause of watery diarrhea)[1]
- Norovirus (often has prominent vomiting)
- Campylobacter
- Non-typhoidal Salmonella
- Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)
- Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis
Traveler's Diarrhea
- Giardia lamblia
- Cryptosporidiosis
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Cyclospora
- Clostridium perfringens
- Listeriosis
- Helminth infections
- Marine toxins
- Ciguatera
- Scombroid poisoning
- Paralytic shellfish poisoning
- Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
- Diarrheal shellfish poisoning
Diffuse Abdominal pain
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Acute gastroenteritis
- Aortoenteric fisulta
- Appendicitis (early)
- Bowel obstruction
- Bowel perforation
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Gastroparesis
- Hernia
- Hypercalcemia
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Mesenteric ischemia
- Pancreatitis
- Peritonitis
- Sickle cell crisis
- Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
- Volvulus
Evaluation
- If profuse diarrhea or clinical dehydration, check electrolytes, CBC
- Consider stool studies if:
- Signs of hypovolemia
- Fever >38.5
- Blood or pus in diarrhea
- Symptoms >2-3 days
- Elderly, immunocompromised, or recent hospitalization
- Consider abdominal CT if concern for other critical intrabdominal pathology
Management
- Self-limited illness, supportive care only
Disposition
- Majority of patients can be treated as an outpatient
- Observe or admit patients with severe dehydration and evidence of end-organ complications, significant comorbidities/immunosuppression, or inability to adequately orally rehydrate at home
See Also
External Links
References
Tintinalli's
- ↑ Marx et al. “Cholera and Gastroenteritis caused by Noncholera Vibrio Species”. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine 8th edition vol 1 pg 1245-1246.