Ciprofloxacin: Difference between revisions

(Created page with "==General== *Type: *Dosage Forms: *Common Trade Names: ==Adult Dosing== ==Pediatric Dosing== ==Special Populations== *Pregnancy: *Lactation: *Renal Dosing **Adult **Pedia...")
 
(Remove disease-specific entries now covered by AntibioticDose (3 sections))
 
(41 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
==General==
==General==
*Type:  
*Type: [[Is Generation:: 2nd generation]] [[Is DrugClass::Fluoroquinolones]]
*Dosage Forms:
*Dosage Forms: IV; PO (Standard: 100, 250, 500; ER 500, 1000)
*Common Trade Names:  
*Common Trade Names: Cipro, Ciloxan (ophthalmic)
 
'''Given the multiple adverse effects listed below, there has been a recent move away from prescribing this and other fluoroquinolones as first line antibiotics for many indications (such as UTI or pneumonia).'''


==Adult Dosing==
==Adult Dosing==
===General===
*'''PO'''
**250-750mg PO q12h
**First Dose: 250-750mg PO x1
*'''IV'''
**200-400mg IV q12
**First Dose: 400mg IV x 1
**Alt: 400mg IV q8h
===Indications by Disease===
{{#ask: [[Has DrugName::Ciprofloxacin]] [[Has Population::Adult]]
|?Treats disease=Disease
|?Has Dose=Dose
|?Has Context=Context
|format=table
|limit=50
|mainlabel=-
|headers=show
|sort=Treats disease
}}


==Pediatric Dosing==
==Pediatric Dosing==
===General===
*'''PO'''
**20-30mg/kg/day PO divided q12h
**First Dose: 10-15mg/kg PO x 1
**Max: 750mg/dose PO
*'''IV'''
**15-30mg/kg/day IV divided q8-12h
**First Dose: 5-15mg/kg IV x 1
**Max: 400mg/dose IV
===Indications by Disease===
{{#ask: [[Has DrugName::Ciprofloxacin]] [[Has Population::Pediatric]]
|?Treats disease=Disease
|?Has Dose=Dose
|?Has Context=Context
|format=table
|limit=50
|mainlabel=-
|headers=show
|sort=Treats disease
}}


==Special Populations==
==Special Populations==
*Pregnancy:
*[[Drug ratings in pregnancy]]: C (but indicated for [[anthrax]])
*Lactation:
*[[Lactation risk categories]]: Probably safe
*Renal Dosing
*Renal Dosing
**Adult
**Adult: renal impairment less than creatinine clearance 30 mL/min, q24hrs instead of q12hrs
**Pediatric
*Hepatic Dosing
**Adult
**Pediatric
**Pediatric
*Hepatic Dosing - no dose adjustments needed


==Contraindications==
==Contraindications==
*Allergy to class/drug
*Allergy to class/drug
*Administration with Tizanidine


==Adverse Reactions==
==Adverse Reactions==
===Serious===
===Serious===
*Prolonged QT interval and Syncope/Torsades de pointes
*Photosensitivity
*Stevens-Johnson syndrome/Toxic epidermal necrolysis
*Clostridium difficile diarrhea, Pseudomembranous enterocolitis
*Tendonitis or tendon rupture (black box warning) - increased risk in age >60, immunosuppressed, corticosteroid use
*peripheral neuropathy
*severe hypoglycemia <ref>FDA updates warnings for fluoroquinolone antibiotics on risks of mental health and low blood sugar adverse reactions. US Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/newsevents/newsroom/pressannouncements/ucm612995.htm. Updated July 10, 2018. Accessed Oct 22, 2018.</ref>
*mental health effects


===Common===
===Common===
*Rash
*[[Diarrhea]]/Nausea/Vomiting


==Pharmacology==
==Pharmacology==
*Half-life:  
*Half-life: 4 hours
*Metabolism:  
*Metabolism: Liver
*Excretion:  
*Excretion: Urine, Feces
*Mechanism of Action:
*Mechanism of Action: Bactericidal. Inhibits DNA gyrase
 
==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014</ref>==
{| class="wikitable"
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Group'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Organism'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Sensitivity'''
|-
| Gram Positive||[[Strep. Group A, B, C, G]]||I
|-
| ||[[Strep. Pneumoniae]]||I
|-
| ||[[Viridans strep]]||R
|-
| ||Strep. anginosus gp||R
|-
| ||[[Enterococcus faecalis]]||U
|-
| ||[[Enterococcus faecium]]||R
|-
| ||[[MSSA]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[MRSA]]||R
|-
| ||[[CA-MRSA]]||I
|-
| ||[[Staph. Epidermidis]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[C. jeikeium]]||R
|-
| ||[[L. monocytogenes]]||'''S'''
|-
| Gram Negatives||[[N. gonorrhoeae]]||I
|-
| ||[[N. meningitidis]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[H. influenzae]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[E. coli]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Klebsiella]] sp||'''S'''
|-
| ||E. coli/Klebsiella ESBL+||'''S'''
|-
| ||E coli/Klebsiella KPC+||R
|-
| ||[[Enterobacter]] sp, AmpC neg||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Enterobacter]] sp, AmpC pos||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Serratia]] sp||'''S'''
|-
| ||Serratia marcescens||X1
|-
| ||[[Salmonella]] sp||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Shigella]] sp||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Proteus mirabilis]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Proteus vulgaris]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Providencia sp.]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Morganella sp.]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Citrobacter freundii]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Citrobacter diversus]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Citrobacter sp.]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Aeromonas sp]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Acinetobacter sp.]]||I
|-
| ||[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]||'''[[Has Antipseudomonal::S]]'''
|-
| ||[[Burkholderia cepacia]]||R
|-
| ||[[Stenotrophomonas maltophilia]]||R
|-
| ||[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Francisella tularensis]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Brucella sp.]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Legionella sp.]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Pasteurella multocida]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Haemophilus ducreyi]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Vibrio vulnificus]]||X1
|-
| Misc||[[Chlamydophila sp]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Mycoplasm pneumoniae]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Rickettsia sp]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Mycobacterium avium]]||X1
|-
| Anaerobes||[[Actinomyces]]||R
|-
| ||[[Bacteroides fragilis]]||R
|-
| ||[[Prevotella melaninogenica]]||R
|-
| ||[[Clostridium difficile]]||R
|-
| ||[[Clostridium (not difficile)]]||I
|-
| ||[[Fusobacterium necrophorum]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Peptostreptococcus sp.]]||I
|}
 
===Key===
{{Template:Antibacterial Spectra Key}}


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Antibiotics (Main)]]
*[[Antibiotics (Main)]]


==Source==
==References==
<references/>


<references/>
[[Category:Pharmacology]]
[[Category:Drugs]]
[[Category:ID]]

Latest revision as of 11:07, 20 March 2026

General

  • Type: 2nd generation Fluoroquinolones
  • Dosage Forms: IV; PO (Standard: 100, 250, 500; ER 500, 1000)
  • Common Trade Names: Cipro, Ciloxan (ophthalmic)

Given the multiple adverse effects listed below, there has been a recent move away from prescribing this and other fluoroquinolones as first line antibiotics for many indications (such as UTI or pneumonia).

Adult Dosing

General

  • PO
    • 250-750mg PO q12h
    • First Dose: 250-750mg PO x1
  • IV
    • 200-400mg IV q12
    • First Dose: 400mg IV x 1
    • Alt: 400mg IV q8h


Indications by Disease

DiseaseDoseContext
Acute cystitis500mg BID x10-14dOutpatient, Women Complicated
Acute cystitis250mg BID x3dOutpatient, Women Uncomplicated
Acute cystitis500mg BID x10-14dMen
Acute cystitis400mg IV q12hrInpatient
Acute diarrhea500mg PO BID x 5 daysCampylobacter
Acute diarrhea500mg PO BID x 5 daysSalmonella
Acute diarrhea500mg PO BID x 5 daysShigella
Acute diarrhea500mg PO BID dailyYersinia
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis500mg twice dailyPenicillin Allergy
Anthrax400mg IV q12hrs x 60 daysInhalation or cutaneous with systemic illness; 1st line
Anthrax500mg PO q12hrs x 60 daysCutaneous anthrax, not systemically ill
Anthrax500mg PO q12hrs x 60 daysPostexposure prophylaxis
Ascending cholangitis400mg IV q12hrsCombined with metronidazole
Cellulitis500mg PO q12hrs x 10 daysFreshwater
Cellulitis400mg IV q12hrs x 10 daysSaltwater
Chancroid500mg PO q12h x 3 daysChancroid
Corneal abrasion0.3% ophthalmic solution 2 drops q6 hoursNo Contact Lens
Diabetic foot infection750mg PO q12hrs x 14 daysModerate DFI
Diabetic foot infection400mg IV q12hrsInpatient DFI
Discitis400mg IV three times dailyInpatient Therapy
Diverticulitis500mg PO BID x 5 daysUncomplicated, Alternative
Endocarditis1000mg/day PO in 2 doses or 800 mg/day IV in 2 dosesMRSA Native Valve Endocarditis
Mammalian bites400mg IV q12hrsSevere mammalian bite with Clindamycin
Mammalian bites500mg PO q12hrs x 7 daysHuman bites with Clindamycin
Mammalian bites500mg PO q12hrs x 7 daysCat and dog bites with Clindamycin
Neutropenic fever750mg PO q12hrsOutpatient
Otitis externa4 drops in affected ear BID x 7 daysTopical (Ciprodex)
Otitis externa3 drops in affected ear BID x 7 daysTopical (Cipro HC)
Peritonitis400mg IV q12hrsPrimary
Peritonitis400mg IV q12hrsAllergy/Prior exposure
Plague500mg (20mg/kg) PO q12hrs x 10 daysActive disease
Plague500mg (20mg/kg) PO q12hrsPostexposure prophylaxis
Pneumonia (main)400mg q8hHAP, High Risk
Pneumonia (main)400mg IV q8hVAP, High Risk
Prostatitis500mg PO q12hrs x 28 daysNon-STD/Chronic
Pyelonephritis400mg IV q12hrAdult Inpatient
Pyelonephritis500mg PO BID x7 daysOutpatient
SalmonellaAcute; 500-750mg PO q12h x 3-7 days; Extend treatment x 1 week if immunocompromised; Chronic Carrier; 750mg PO q12h x 1 monthSalmonella
Traveler's diarrhea750mg PO once daily x 1-3 daysTraveler's Diarrhea
Tularemia400mg (15mg/kg) IV q12hrs x 10 daysActive disease
Tularemia500mg PO q12hrs x 10 daysPostexposure prophylaxis
Typhoid fever400 mg IV q 12 hrs x 10 daysQuinolone Susceptible, Parenteral
Typhoid fever500-750 mg PO q 12 hrs x 14 daysQuinolone Susceptible, Oral

Pediatric Dosing

General

  • PO
    • 20-30mg/kg/day PO divided q12h
    • First Dose: 10-15mg/kg PO x 1
    • Max: 750mg/dose PO
  • IV
    • 15-30mg/kg/day IV divided q8-12h
    • First Dose: 5-15mg/kg IV x 1
    • Max: 400mg/dose IV


Indications by Disease

DiseaseDoseContext
Anthrax15mg/kg PO q12hrs x 60 daysPediatric postexposure prophylaxis
Anthrax15mg/kg IV q12hrsPediatric inhalational/cutaneous, systemically ill; 1st line
Otitis externa3-4 drops in affected ear BID x 7 daysPediatric Topical
Plague15mg/kg PO q12hrs (max 500mg/dose)Pediatric Active Disease/Prophylaxis
Tularemia15mg/kg PO/IV q12hrs x 10 days (max 500mg PO / 400mg IV)Pediatric Active Disease/Prophylaxis

Special Populations

Contraindications

  • Allergy to class/drug
  • Administration with Tizanidine

Adverse Reactions

Serious

  • Prolonged QT interval and Syncope/Torsades de pointes
  • Photosensitivity
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome/Toxic epidermal necrolysis
  • Clostridium difficile diarrhea, Pseudomembranous enterocolitis
  • Tendonitis or tendon rupture (black box warning) - increased risk in age >60, immunosuppressed, corticosteroid use
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • severe hypoglycemia [1]
  • mental health effects

Common

Pharmacology

  • Half-life: 4 hours
  • Metabolism: Liver
  • Excretion: Urine, Feces
  • Mechanism of Action: Bactericidal. Inhibits DNA gyrase

Antibiotic Sensitivities[2]

Group Organism Sensitivity
Gram Positive Strep. Group A, B, C, G I
Strep. Pneumoniae I
Viridans strep R
Strep. anginosus gp R
Enterococcus faecalis U
Enterococcus faecium R
MSSA S
MRSA R
CA-MRSA I
Staph. Epidermidis S
C. jeikeium R
L. monocytogenes S
Gram Negatives N. gonorrhoeae I
N. meningitidis S
Moraxella catarrhalis S
H. influenzae S
E. coli S
Klebsiella sp S
E. coli/Klebsiella ESBL+ S
E coli/Klebsiella KPC+ R
Enterobacter sp, AmpC neg S
Enterobacter sp, AmpC pos S
Serratia sp S
Serratia marcescens X1
Salmonella sp S
Shigella sp S
Proteus mirabilis S
Proteus vulgaris S
Providencia sp. S
Morganella sp. S
Citrobacter freundii S
Citrobacter diversus S
Citrobacter sp. S
Aeromonas sp S
Acinetobacter sp. I
Pseudomonas aeruginosa S
Burkholderia cepacia R
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R
Yersinia enterocolitica S
Francisella tularensis X1
Brucella sp. X1
Legionella sp. S
Pasteurella multocida S
Haemophilus ducreyi X1
Vibrio vulnificus X1
Misc Chlamydophila sp S
Mycoplasm pneumoniae S
Rickettsia sp X1
Mycobacterium avium X1
Anaerobes Actinomyces R
Bacteroides fragilis R
Prevotella melaninogenica R
Clostridium difficile R
Clostridium (not difficile) I
Fusobacterium necrophorum X1
Peptostreptococcus sp. I

Key

  • S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
  • I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
  • R resistant (or not effective clinically)
  • S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
  • U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
  • X1 no data
  • X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
  • X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
  • X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia

See Also

References

  1. ↑ FDA updates warnings for fluoroquinolone antibiotics on risks of mental health and low blood sugar adverse reactions. US Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/newsevents/newsroom/pressannouncements/ucm612995.htm. Updated July 10, 2018. Accessed Oct 22, 2018.
  2. ↑ Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2014
Retrieved from "https://www.wikem.org/w/index.php?title=Ciprofloxacin&oldid=386724"