Clostridium perfringens: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== <!--T:1--> | ||
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*[[Special:MyLanguage/Gram positive|Gram positive]], rod-shaped obligate anaerobe | *[[Special:MyLanguage/Gram positive|Gram positive]], rod-shaped obligate anaerobe | ||
*Food-borne pathogen, associated with previously cooked or poorly reheated meats, poultry, and gravy | *Food-borne pathogen, associated with previously cooked or poorly reheated meats, poultry, and gravy | ||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== <!--T:3--> | ||
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*Incubation 6-24h | *Incubation 6-24h | ||
*Cramping [[Special:MyLanguage/abdominal pain|abdominal pain]] | *Cramping [[Special:MyLanguage/abdominal pain|abdominal pain]] | ||
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==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== <!--T:5--> | ||
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==Evaluation== | ==Evaluation== <!--T:6--> | ||
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*If profuse diarrhea or clinical dehydration, check electrolytes, CBC | *If profuse diarrhea or clinical dehydration, check electrolytes, CBC | ||
*Consider stool studies if: | *Consider stool studies if: | ||
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==Management== | ==Management== <!--T:8--> | ||
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*Self-limited illness, supportive care only | *Self-limited illness, supportive care only | ||
**[[Special:MyLanguage/oral rehydration therapy|Oral]] or [[Special:MyLanguage/IVF|IV rehydration]] | **[[Special:MyLanguage/oral rehydration therapy|Oral]] or [[Special:MyLanguage/IVF|IV rehydration]] | ||
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==Disposition== | ==Disposition== <!--T:10--> | ||
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*Majority of patients can be treated as an outpatient | *Majority of patients can be treated as an outpatient | ||
*Observe or admit patients with severe dehydration and evidence of end-organ complications, significant comorbidities/immunosuppression, or inability to adequately orally rehydrate at home | *Observe or admit patients with severe dehydration and evidence of end-organ complications, significant comorbidities/immunosuppression, or inability to adequately orally rehydrate at home | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== <!--T:12--> | ||
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*[[Special:MyLanguage/Clostridium|Clostridium]] | *[[Special:MyLanguage/Clostridium|Clostridium]] | ||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Acute diarrhea|Acute diarrhea]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Gastroenteritis|Gastroenteritis]] | *[[Special:MyLanguage/Acute diarrhea|Acute diarrhea]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Gastroenteritis|Gastroenteritis]] | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== <!--T:14--> | ||
==References== | ==References== <!--T:15--> | ||
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Tintinalli's | Tintinalli's | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
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[[Category:ID]] [[Category:GI]] | [[Category:ID]] [[Category:GI]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 12:33, 7 January 2026
Background
- Gram positive, rod-shaped obligate anaerobe
- Food-borne pathogen, associated with previously cooked or poorly reheated meats, poultry, and gravy
Clinical Features
- Incubation 6-24h
- Cramping abdominal pain
- Nausea with minimal vomiting
- Watery, nonbloody diarrhea
- Rarely febrile
Differential Diagnosis
Acute diarrhea
Infectious
- Viral (e.g. rotavirus)
- Bacterial
- Campylobacter
- Shigella
- Salmonella (non-typhi)
- Escherichia coli
- E. coli 0157:H7
- Yersinia enterocolitica
- Vibrio cholerae
- Clostridium difficile
- Parasitic
- Toxin
Noninfectious
- GI Bleed
- Appendicitis
- Mesenteric Ischemia
- Diverticulitis
- Adrenal Crisis
- Thyroid Storm
- Toxicologic exposures
- Antibiotic or drug-associated
- Inflammatory bowel disease
Watery Diarrhea
- Enterotoxigenic E. coli (most common cause of watery diarrhea)[1]
- Norovirus (often has prominent vomiting)
- Campylobacter
- Non-typhoidal Salmonella
- Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)
- Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis
Traveler's Diarrhea
- Giardia lamblia
- Cryptosporidiosis
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Cyclospora
- Clostridium perfringens
- Listeriosis
- Helminth infections
- Marine toxins
- Ciguatera
- Scombroid poisoning
- Paralytic shellfish poisoning
- Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
- Diarrheal shellfish poisoning
Diffuse Abdominal pain
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Acute gastroenteritis
- Aortoenteric fisulta
- Appendicitis (early)
- Bowel obstruction
- Bowel perforation
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Gastroparesis
- Hernia
- Hypercalcemia
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Mesenteric ischemia
- Pancreatitis
- Peritonitis
- Sickle cell crisis
- Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
- Volvulus
Evaluation
- If profuse diarrhea or clinical dehydration, check electrolytes, CBC
- Consider stool studies if:
- Signs of hypovolemia
- Fever >38.5
- Blood or pus in diarrhea
- Symptoms >2-3 days
- Elderly, immunocompromised, or recent hospitalization
- Consider abdominal CT if concern for other critical intrabdominal pathology
Management
- Self-limited illness, supportive care only
Disposition
- Majority of patients can be treated as an outpatient
- Observe or admit patients with severe dehydration and evidence of end-organ complications, significant comorbidities/immunosuppression, or inability to adequately orally rehydrate at home
See Also
External Links
References
Tintinalli's
- ↑ Marx et al. “Cholera and Gastroenteritis caused by Noncholera Vibrio Species”. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine 8th edition vol 1 pg 1245-1246.